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A Quantitative Analysis Of The Impact Of Land Use Changes On Floods In The Manafwa River Basin
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Book Synopsis A Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Land Use Changes on Floods in the Manafwa River Basin by : Fidele Bingwa
Download or read book A Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Land Use Changes on Floods in the Manafwa River Basin written by Fidele Bingwa and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flood events in the Manafwa watershed, located in eastern Uganda, have increased in frequency in recent years. The risk of flooding is increasing globally due partly to climate change which enhances the number of weather extremes like excessive rainfalls or droughts. This increase in flood events is also a response to land use changes; as more people use the land for agriculture and housing the percentage of less pervious and impervious area increases. Floods in the Manafwa watershed are often deadly and always an economic burden. In eastern Uganda there is little that can be done about climate change but land use changes can be managed. This study analyzed the impact of land use changes on floods in the Manafwa watershed in hopes of informing local leaders regarding future flood risk reduction. The analysis was conducted using a hydrologic model of the Manafwa watershed. The model had two main components: a meteorological model and a basin model. The meteorological model contained past rainfall data of the watershed and the basin model used the SCS curve number method as its soil water loss method. The curve number determines the percentage of rainfall water that becomes runoff, and is derived empirically from land use or land cover information as well as the soil type. A curve number map of the watershed was created using current land use and soil data; land use changes were modeled by making modifications to the land use map which resulted in changes on the curve number map. In addition to modeling the current land use condition, three land use changes were simulated and the outflow result showed that land use changes can affect river flow and hence flood events in the Manafwa river basin. The results also show that a land management program like reforestation could decrease the risk of flooding in the watershed.
Book Synopsis Interactions between Land Use and Flood Management in the Chi River Basin by : Kittiwet Kuntiyawichai
Download or read book Interactions between Land Use and Flood Management in the Chi River Basin written by Kittiwet Kuntiyawichai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-05-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The damages and hardships caused by floods and flooding remain an issue and are continuously increasing in the Chi River Basin, Thailand. It is difficult to make an accurate assessment of the costs and consequences associated with floods. However, flood hazards can also be seen as an opportunity, a chance to correct possible flaws and ambiguities in the flood management. The Chi River system cannot handle the regularly occurring floods, consequently, flooding of the low-lying areas occurs on a regular basis. Therefore, an integrated flood management framework needs to be developed to minimize the negative effects of floods of different magnitude. In response, a hydrological model (SWAT) and a hydraulic (1D/2D SOBEK) model were integrated to simulate floods in detailed way and to analyse the current system. A reliable simulation of the river flows and inundated areas is an essential component of a holistic flood management plan. The developed modelling framework enabled to analyse the impact of different structural measures such as river normalisation, green river (bypass), and retention basin. In addition, non-structural measures including reservoir operation and spatial land use planning were assessed in their capability to protect people and valuable infrastructure. For each measure, several possible scenarios were tested and evaluated based on economic and technical efficiency criteria to determine the most promising and efficient scenario. However, effective interventions may involve a judicious combination of flood mitigation approaches, rather than reliance on a stand-alone solution. A truly optimum combination of aforesaid measures was then chosen since it could considerably reduce flood extent and its damage. Finally, the study illustrates the effects of land use changes on floods, which indicated little or no significant potential impact on flood regime at river basin level, but rather at sub-basin scale. This finding is important for a better understanding of the scale and direction of impacts of developments in the future. Integrated land use planning was shown to be an essential component of a comprehensive flood management framework.
Book Synopsis Assessing the Impact of Land Use Changes and Rangelands and Forest Degradation on Flooding Using Watershed Modeling System by : Nafise Moghadasi
Download or read book Assessing the Impact of Land Use Changes and Rangelands and Forest Degradation on Flooding Using Watershed Modeling System written by Nafise Moghadasi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensive flood damages all over the world necessitate flood risk mitigation. Land use changes affect hydrological characteristics such as total runoff and flood's peak flow. This study investigates the impacts of land use change on flooding of the Boostan dam catchment in Golestan province, Iran. For this purpose, watershed modeling system (WMS) is used to compare different types of land uses between 1996 and 2006 using corresponding maps. After calibration and validation of the model in each period of time, flooding of the catchment was evaluated using two representative parameters of peak flow and volume of flood. Comparison of land use maps in 1996 and 2006 revealed the total rangelands have been increased while good rangeland areas decreased, fair rangeland increased, and poor rangeland remained relatively constant. It means the region faces decrease in high-quality rangelands in the catchment. Also the forest areas decreased. Both degradation of rangeland and deforestation intensify flooding. But peak flow and flood volume of the whole catchment have been mitigated. Because in spite of negligible change in total curve number (CN) of the catchment, rangelands in downstream and near residential areas converted to agricultural lands and upstream agricultural lands transformed to high- and medium-density rangelands. This means that distribution of land use changes was in such a way, influential upstream areas in flooding, associated with reduced CNs. So the implemented biological measures have reduced the flooding potential of the catchment. Sensitivity analysis of the model showed that 5% decrease in CN can cause 40% decrease in peak flow of the catchment and in contrast and 5% increase in CN can enhance flood peak flow up to 60%.
Book Synopsis Effects of Historical Land-use Change on Surface Runoff and Flooding in the Amite River Basin, Louisiana, USA Using Coupled 1D/2D HEC-RAS-HEC-HMS Hydrological Modeling by : Alexandre Garabed Hosley Cowles
Download or read book Effects of Historical Land-use Change on Surface Runoff and Flooding in the Amite River Basin, Louisiana, USA Using Coupled 1D/2D HEC-RAS-HEC-HMS Hydrological Modeling written by Alexandre Garabed Hosley Cowles and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Amite River Basin is a largely rural watershed spanning parts of four counties in southern Mississippi and seven parishes in southeast Louisiana, with basinwide imperviousness increasing from 0.82% in 1938 to 3.85% in 2016. The Basin has been the subject of significant research interest since catastrophic flooding in 2016 caused 13 deaths and widespread damages. Rapid development in recent decades has led to an expansion of impervious surfaces in Baton Rouge and surrounding areas, encroaching on floodplains and wetlands. At the basin scale, differences in flooding due to impervious cover changes were found to be somewhat limited, particularly along the main rivers and streams and for the larger, less frequent events. The Amite Basin is topographically flat with wide floodplains, high precipitation, and clayey soils. To model the effects of these historical changes, simulations were run in a HEC-HMS and coupled 1D/2D HEC-RAS model of the Amite River Basin for a variety of storms and land cover scenarios. The impacts of increasing surface imperviousness were more prominent at smaller spatial scales, where there has been significant development, and differences were more pronounced for smaller storms. Given the low impact of increasing impervious cover on flooding caused by the August 2016 storm and other large storms, flood mitigation efforts in the Amite River Basin and similarly flood-prone areas are likely best suited to large-scale projects like the Comite Diversion Canal and Darlington Dam, as well as smaller-scale interventions to manage the impacts caused by higher frequency, lower intensity storms that are often controlled by backwater conditions.
Book Synopsis Interactions Between Land Use and Flood Management in the Chi River Basin by : Kittiwet Kuntiyawichai
Download or read book Interactions Between Land Use and Flood Management in the Chi River Basin written by Kittiwet Kuntiyawichai and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling Flood Potential Based on Land Use in the Greenbrier River Watershed in West Virginia, USA by : Manuel Eduardo Lopez Sanchez
Download or read book Modeling Flood Potential Based on Land Use in the Greenbrier River Watershed in West Virginia, USA written by Manuel Eduardo Lopez Sanchez and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flood analyses have historically been conducted using the stationarity principle, which assumes a constant hydrological regime within a river system. This research echoed previous studies challenging the assumption of stationarity for the purposes of flood analyses. The Greenbrier River watershed in West Virginia fit criteria for questioning the stationarity principle as it experienced dramatic forest harvesting activities in the late 1800s and has suffered deadly floods in the last four decades. This research questioned the stationarity assumption by testing hydrological data using Pearson’s and Pettitt’s tests. Additionally, two scenarios were developed to spatially model runoff travel time for a forested and deforested watershed. Stationarity was confirmed for the Greenbrier River. The study showed no evidence of non-stationarity in the hydrological time series of the river, despite widespread changes in land use across the study period. Similarly, spatial modeling of total runoff travel time estimation between watershed scenarios did not drastically vary.
Book Synopsis Modelling the Effects of Land Use Change and Climate Variability on the Hydrology of the Upper Nile by : Max Kigobe
Download or read book Modelling the Effects of Land Use Change and Climate Variability on the Hydrology of the Upper Nile written by Max Kigobe and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The River Nile is the second longest river in the world and its basin covers ten African countries including Uganda. In the light of growing human and industrial demand on its ecosystem, especially water resources, the need to support sustainable basin-wide resource management has risen over the recent past. Most economies in the Nile basin are dependent on rain-fed agriculture, which is strongly affected by climate. Therefore, the basin is vulnerable to a number of issues including land use change, climate change and climate variability. Other stress factors include rapid population growth, land degradation and the prevalence of human disease. These factors are likely to adversely impact on the basin ecosystem and agricultural productivity, which in turn affect the economic development in terms of food security, hydropower generation and provision of ecosystem services. It is imperative to conduct detailed hydrological assessment of the likely impact of land-use changes and climate variability on the hydrology of the Nile basin. This thesis therefore investigates the hydrological response to plausible climate and land use scenarios. This is carried out by testing climate and hydrological modelling tools for the Kyoga basin, within the Upper Nile. Climate modelling involved multi-site spatial and temporal modelling of rainfall in the Kyoga basin using stochastic tools under the Generalised Linear Modelling (GLM) framework. Climate modelling results showed that the structure of the GLM could not represent adequately the variability of rainfall over Kyoga, however, it could represent the variability within designated climatic zones. Assuming independence of the stochastic variability between zones in the Kyoga basin, GLM models for the Kyoga basin were then applied as statistical downs ea ling tools to generate future precipitation sequences conditioned on the results from six general circulation model (GCM) outputs for future climate (2020s, 2050s, 2080s) using results from the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) prepared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the Fourth Assessment Report (SRES-AR4). With regard to climate change, warming of the basin resulted in a general increase in precipitation patterns and the results from the use of GLMs suggest that it is likely to have a relatively wetter December - February (DJF), March - May (MAM), September - November (SON) seasons and a much dryer June - August (JJA) season. Hydrological modelling involved the development of a semi-distributed rainfall-runoff model using the Soil Water and Assessment Tool (SWAT), applied on a daily time-scale to investigate the uncertainty associated with precipitation and model parameter identification. The SWAT model was also used to assess the sensitivity of several water resources components to alternative/plausible climate and land use patterns in the Kyoga basin. Hypotheticalland use change scenarios showed that the water resource estimates in the Kyoga basin are sensitive to intensification of agriculture and less sensitive to increase in spatial coverage of grasslands and shrublands. A warmer climate is also associated with increase in potential evapotranspiration, soil water and internal renewable water resources in the Kyoga basin and stream flows at several locations in the basin. The results from this PhD work contribute towards the development of climate and hydrological modelling tools applicable to equatorial climates.
Book Synopsis Effect of Climate Variability and Land Use Change on the Water Budget of Large River Basins by : Ruud T. W. L. Hurkmans
Download or read book Effect of Climate Variability and Land Use Change on the Water Budget of Large River Basins written by Ruud T. W. L. Hurkmans and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Using a Mathematical Model to Assess the Hydrological Effects of Land-use Change by : K. J. Langford
Download or read book Using a Mathematical Model to Assess the Hydrological Effects of Land-use Change written by K. J. Langford and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Model for Evaluating the Effect of Land Uses on Flood Flows by :
Download or read book A Model for Evaluating the Effect of Land Uses on Flood Flows written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integrated Flood and Drought Mitigation Mesures and Strategies. Case Study: The Mun River Basin, Thailand by : Saowanit Prabnakorn
Download or read book Integrated Flood and Drought Mitigation Mesures and Strategies. Case Study: The Mun River Basin, Thailand written by Saowanit Prabnakorn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-07 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Floods and droughts are climate extremes that account for more than 80% of people affected by natural disasters worldwide. Both catastrophes co-exist in many river basins, for example, the Mun River Basin in Thailand, which is selected as the study area. Approximately 90% of rice cultivation here is rain-fed, and that results in the lowest yields in the country, making many farmers persist in poverty. This study aims to assess floods and droughts and their impacts on agriculture at the basin scale. For flooding, the hydrologic and hydraulic models were developed to produce the first completed flood hazard maps at the Mun River Basin. Droughts in the basin were determined by the proposed drought risk assessment scheme that combines all three key components (hazard, exposure, and vulnerability). Subsequently, the study attempts to tackle both floods and droughts simultaneously and sustainably by using integrated measures and strategies. If the problems caused by flood and drought climate extremes are solved, this will ensure adequate food availability and alleviate poverty in the basin. Furthermore, the study shows that a holistic approach to simultaneously solving both problems is efficient as most water will be utilized to benefit agriculture, the primary sector that feeds a growing population.
Book Synopsis Integrated Modeling of Land and Water Resources in Two African Catchments by : Seleshi Getahun Yalew
Download or read book Integrated Modeling of Land and Water Resources in Two African Catchments written by Seleshi Getahun Yalew and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-14 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demand for land and water for agriculture, urbanization, irrigation, hydropower, and industrialization is increasing to meet the demands of growing populations and of growing economies. However, changes in land and water resources are often studied separately. A better representation of the interaction between land-use change and its drivers on the one hand and water resources on the other is imperative for sustainable environmental management. This research investigates and develops spatial analysis methods and tools for the quantification of dynamic feedbacks between land-use change and water resources, by focusing on case study catchments in Ethiopia and South Africa. Furthermore, the research investigates methods for analysing land-use suitability and modelling land-use change. Results show that major changes in land-use have been observed in the past two to three decades in the study catchments. Model representation of the interaction between land-use change and water resources shows that changes in land-use influence hydrologic responses. These influences are especially pronounced during high- and low-flow seasons. Likewise, hydrologic processes and water resources availability influence land-use suitability and hence land-use change responses. Accounting for the dynamic feedback between land-use and hydrology thus produces improved knowledge that can better inform integrated natural resources management.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Land Cover and Land Use Changes on the Hydrological Cycle of the Tarim Basin, NW China by : Yang Yang
Download or read book The Impact of Land Cover and Land Use Changes on the Hydrological Cycle of the Tarim Basin, NW China written by Yang Yang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tarim Basin, located in NW China, is the largest inland basin in the world. Since the 1970s, the basin became modernized agriculturally through unprecedented reclamation, which were initiated and controlled by the central Chinese government to promote cotton production. In 2013, 40% of China's cotton production was harvested from agricultural lands in the Tarim Basin, representing 15% of world production. However, these large scale land use transformations lead to overuse of water resources in the upper and middle reaches for irrigation, with severe unintended ecological consequences in the lower reaches. The lower reaches of the Tarim River dried up gradually during the 1970s. In 2000, a water release project was launched to meet the ecological water demands of the river's lower reaches. So far there have been 15 water releases with 1.7 billion USD invested. This work aims to improve our understanding of the impacts on the hydrologic cycle from land-use/land-cover change activities in the Tarim Basin by working across different disciplines and integrating them to portray all the key processes involved. This multidisciplinary approach includes analysis of remotely sensed data, application of a dynamic crop modeling framework, and simulation analyses with a transient, 2D, variably-saturated groundwater model. My primary findings show that in 2006, over 25000 km2 were identified as irrigated field. This is a 41% increase from 1970s, when the total irrigated area was only 18250 km2. The rapid expansions in irrigate fields, together with climate change, have affected the partitioning of water between the land surface and the lower atmosphere through changing evapotranspiration patterns. Approximately 7 km3 of water entered the atmosphere through crop evapotranspiration in 1971, but by 2006 this value had increased to nearly 11 km3. But changes in climatic conditions accounted for only 20% of the total increase in ET. In terms of ecological restoration, the study shows that although the current water release protocols can maintain the present habitat for Populus euphratica, they are not sufficient to expand or restore this valued riparian vegetation to its former state. By addressing the hydrological and ecological implications of agricultural expansion, the overarching goal of this research is to identify sustainable strategies to reverse these negative environmental effects in the Tarim Basin.
Book Synopsis The Water Resource Implications of Changing Climate in the Volta River Basin by : Matthew McCartney
Download or read book The Water Resource Implications of Changing Climate in the Volta River Basin written by Matthew McCartney and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2012 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Volta River is one of the major rivers in Africa. In this study, a dynamic regional climate model (CCLM), a hydrological model (SWAT) and a water resource model (WEAP) were used to provide an assessment of one downscaled ‘middle impact’ climate change scenario on the performance of existing and planned irrigation and hydropower schemes. The results indicate that, by the middle of the twenty-first century, altered climate is likely to undermine the technical performance of existing and planned reservoirs, which will, in turn, affect development outcomes. Future water resources development in the basin requires interventions that bolster resilience and water security. Much more systematic planning of water storage, greater cooperation between the riparian states and consideration of innovative approaches to water storage are needed.
Book Synopsis Land Use and Climate Impacts on Fluvial Systems During the Period of Agriculture by : Robert J. Wasson
Download or read book Land Use and Climate Impacts on Fluvial Systems During the Period of Agriculture written by Robert J. Wasson and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Land and Water Use Interactions by : Per Stålnacke
Download or read book Land and Water Use Interactions written by Per Stålnacke and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Prediction of Effects of Landuse Changes on River Basin Runoff Application of Largescals Catchment Model (LASCAM) by : Kasina Parvateesam
Download or read book Prediction of Effects of Landuse Changes on River Basin Runoff Application of Largescals Catchment Model (LASCAM) written by Kasina Parvateesam and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
