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A Multidimensional Approach To Trade Policy Indicators
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Book Synopsis A Multidimensional Approach to Trade Policy Indicators by : Diego A. Cerdeiro
Download or read book A Multidimensional Approach to Trade Policy Indicators written by Diego A. Cerdeiro and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present and discuss a set of indicators to help assess countries’ trade policies. The indicators relate to three policy areas – trade in goods, trade in services, and FDI. Given concerns about the direction of global trade policy, we also consider a set of more granular measures that reflect the evolution of countries’ policies since the 2008 financial crisis. We propose a simple approach to present the multidimensional aspects of trade policy that, by shedding light on relative openness across areas, can facilitate policy discussions. In the cross-section of countries, we find a diversity in the type of measures adopted, both between and (since the 2008 financial crisis) within policy areas, lending support to the approach based on multiple indicators. The indicators’ time series suggest that advanced and, especially, emerging economies are moving toward more open regimes over time, although recently progress has, with some exceptions, slowed across the board. Lastly, our findings also call for stronger efforts to objectively quantify the different aspects of countries’ trade regimes. More data, both across countries and in terms of policy areas that significantly affect trade, are needed for better-informed policy discussions.
Book Synopsis Measuring Globalisation by : Axel Dreher
Download or read book Measuring Globalisation written by Axel Dreher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-05 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalisation is a timely and controversial topic. Against the chorus of globalisation’s proponents and detractors, the authors propose an approach for measuring globalisation and its consequences. Undertaking a comprehensive review of the literature on globalisation and using data from the MGI and KOF indices, the well-respected authors build a framework for defining globalisation and analyzing the relationships among economic, political, and social variables.
Book Synopsis Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide by : OECD
Download or read book Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2008-08-22 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide for constructing and using composite indicators for policy makers, academics, the media and other interested parties. In particular, this handbook is concerned with indicators which compare and rank country performance.
Author :International Monetary Fund. European Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1484364929 Total Pages :67 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis Czech Republic by : International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Download or read book Czech Republic written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-06-29 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2018 Article IV Consultation highlights that Czech Republic’s growth has been strong, broad-based and job rich. The economy grew at 4.4 percent in 2017, led by strong domestic demand. The unemployment rate fell to a record low of 2.3 percent in April 2018, even with increased participation. Meanwhile, headline and core inflation are close to the target of 2 percent. Growth is projected to remain strong this year, at 3.7 percent, but labor shortages are putting constraints on future growth. In the near term, a decline in global trade is a major risk for a small economy highly dependent on external demand, particularly from the euro area, but also indirectly from other regions given how tightly integrated is the Czech economy into supply chains.
Book Synopsis A Measurement of Aggregate Trade Restrictions and Their Economic Effects by : Julia Estefania-Flores
Download or read book A Measurement of Aggregate Trade Restrictions and Their Economic Effects written by Julia Estefania-Flores and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-01-07 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We develop a new Measure of Aggregate Trade Restrictions (MATR) using data from the IMF’s Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions. MATR is an empirical measure of how restrictive official government policy is towards the international flow of goods and services. MATR is simple, ad hoc, plausible, quantitative, easily updated, based solely on policy-relevant measures of trade policy, and covers an unbalanced sample of up to 157 countries annually between 1949 and 2019. MATR is strongly correlated with, but more comprehensive than, existing measures of openness and trade policy existing measures. We use MATR to show that trade restrictions are harmful for the economy and lead to significant contractions in output.
Book Synopsis IEO Evaluation Report by : International Monetary Fund. Independent Evaluation Office
Download or read book IEO Evaluation Report written by International Monetary Fund. Independent Evaluation Office and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-02-03 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report updates the 2009 IEO evaluation of IMF Involvement in International Trade Policy Issues. Since then, the composition and structure of international trade have evolved, but trade has not regained its former dynamism. With increasing concern about potential winners and losers from trade, there has been a loss of political support for globalization, increasing trade tensions and protectionism, and the institutional framework supporting multilateral trade has come under heavy strain. The report concludes that overall the IMF deserves considerable credit for its active and timely response, playing a prominent role in championing commitment to an open, rules-based multilateral trading system. The Fund has largely implemented the recommendations of the 2009 evaluation and has strengthened and consolidated its trade policy analysis and advice, appropriately focusing on the key macroeconomic effects and associated risks of trade policy developments at the national and international levels. IMF advocacy on trade has been underpinned by a major expansion in the attention to trade policy issues in multilateral surveillance—and to some extent in bilateral surveillance—supported by high-quality research and analysis, building on the Fund’s well-established modeling capacity. Looking forward, the Fund will need to sustain its current high level of advocacy and analysis on trade policy issues and consider how to increase the overall impact of this work. Key challenges include: contributing to foster a recommitment to trade policy cooperation; further attention to translating multilateral surveillance into bilateral policy advice; consolidating relations with partner institutions; and increased attention to rapidly developing trade policy issues. Across all these dimensions, care will be needed to ensure appropriate evenhandedness in trade policy surveillance across countries. A holistic review of the IMF’s “trade strategy” would help to guide trade policy work and the allocation of scarce resources among competing priorities.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1498309623 Total Pages :33 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (983 download)
Book Synopsis Guidance Note for the Use of Third-Party Indicators in Fund Reports by : International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
Download or read book Guidance Note for the Use of Third-Party Indicators in Fund Reports written by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-09-13 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This note provides guidance on use of third-party indicators (TPIs) in Fund reports, in line with the policy endorsed by the Board in November 2017.
Book Synopsis South Asia's Path to Resilient Growth by : Mr. Ranil M Salgado
Download or read book South Asia's Path to Resilient Growth written by Mr. Ranil M Salgado and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-12-23 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Asia’s Path to Sustainable and Inclusive Growth highlights the remarkable development progress in South Asia and how the region can advance in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Steps include a renewed push toward greater trade and financial openness, while responding proactively to the distributional impact and dislocation associated with this structural transformation. Promoting a green and digital recovery remains important. The book explores ways to accelerate the income convergence process in the region, leveraging on the still-large potential demographic dividend in most of the countries. These include greater economic diversification and export sophistication, trade and foreign direct investment liberalization and participation in global value chains amid shifting regional and global conditions, financial development, and investment in human capital.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1484373138 Total Pages :82 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis India by : International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Download or read book India written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2018 Article IV Consultation highlights that stability-oriented macroeconomic policies and progress on structural reforms continue to bear fruit in India. Following disruptions related to the November 2016 currency exchange initiative and the July 2017 goods and services tax rollout, growth slowed to 6.7 percent in FY2017/18, but a recovery is under way led by an investment pickup. Headline inflation averaged 3.6 percent in FY2017/18, a 17-year low, reflecting low food prices on a return to normal monsoon rainfall, agriculture sector reforms, subdued domestic demand, and currency appreciation. Growth is forecast to rise to 7.3 percent in FY2018/19 and 7.5 percent in FY2019/20, on strengthening investment and robust private consumption.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1484375416 Total Pages :32 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis Regional Economic Outlook, October 2018, Asia Pacific by : International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, October 2018, Asia Pacific written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-10-12 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth in the first half of 2018 was softer than in 2017, especially in advanced economies. In contrast, growth remained robust in emerging market economies and broadly in line with expectations. After rising to 6.9 percent in 2017, growth in China continued to be strong into the first half of 2018 but has likely slowed since, given the latest high-frequency indicators, including weakening investment growth. In Japan, after exceeding potential for two years, growth dropped into negative territory in the first quarter of 2018 before rebounding sharply in the second quarter. In India, growth continues to recover steadily after the disruptions related to demonetization and the rollout of the goods and services tax in the last fiscal year.1 And in ASEAN-4 economies (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand), growth generally lost momentum in the first half of 2018, except in Thailand.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1484349733 Total Pages :302 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis World Economic Outlook, April 2018 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book World Economic Outlook, April 2018 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the world economic outlook as of April 2018, projecting that advanced economies will continue to expand above their potential growth rates before decelerating, while growth in emerging markets in developing economies will rise before leveling off. It details global prospects and policies, including risks to the forecast, and essential determinants of long-term economic growth: labor force participation in advanced economies, the declining share of manufacturing jobs globally and in advanced economies, and the process through which innovative activity and technological knowledge spread across national borders.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1484377354 Total Pages :215 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis World Economic Outlook, October 2018 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book World Economic Outlook, October 2018 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global growth for 2018–19 is projected to remain steady at its 2017 level, but its pace is less vigorous than projected in April and it has become less balanced. Downside risks to global growth have risen in the past six months and the potential for upside surprises has receded. Global growth is projected at 3.7 percent for 2018–19—0.2 percentage point lower for both years than forecast in April. The downward revision reflects surprises that suppressed activity in early 2018 in some major advanced economies, the negative effects of the trade measures implemented or approved between April and mid-September, as well as a weaker outlook for some key emerging market and developing economies arising from country-specific factors, tighter financial conditions, geopolitical tensions, and higher oil import bills. The balance of risks to the global growth forecast has shifted to the downside in a context of elevated policy uncertainty. Several of the downside risks highlighted in the April 2018 World Economic Outlook (WEO)—such as rising trade barriers and a reversal of capital flows to emerging market economies with weaker fundamentals and higher political risk—have become more pronounced or have partially materialized. Meanwhile, the potential for upside surprises has receded, given the tightening of financial conditions in some parts of the world, higher trade costs, slow implementation of reforms recommended in the past, and waning growth momentum.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 : Total Pages :182 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (2 download)
Book Synopsis World Economic Outlook, October 2023 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book World Economic Outlook, October 2023 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-10-10 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest World Economic Outlook reports signs that policy tightening is starting to cool activity despite core inflation proving persistent. Risks are more balanced as banking sector stress has receded, but they remain tilted to the downside. Monetary policy should stay the course to bring inflation to target, while fiscal consolidation is needed to tackle soaring debts. Structural reforms are crucial to revive medium-term growth prospects amid constrained policy space.
Author :International Monetary Fund Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1484367367 Total Pages :147 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis External Sector Report, July 2018 by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book External Sector Report, July 2018 written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The External Sector Report presents a methodologically consistent assessment of the exchange rates, current accounts, reserves, capital flows, and external balance sheets of the world’s largest economies. The 2018 edition includes an analytical assessment of how trade costs and related policy barriers drive excess global imbalances.
Book Synopsis World Economic Outlook, April 2024 by : International Monetary
Download or read book World Economic Outlook, April 2024 written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-04-16 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest World Economic Outlook reports economic activity was surprisingly resilient through the global disinflation of 2022–23, despite significant central bank interest rate hikes to restore price stability. Risks to the global outlook are now broadly balanced compared with last year. Monetary policy should ensure that inflation touches down smoothly, while a renewed focus on fiscal consolidation is needed to rebuild room for budgetary maneuver and to ensure debt sustainability. Structural reforms are crucial to revive medium-term growth prospects amid constrained policy space.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1484397487 Total Pages :216 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis World Economic Outlook, April 2019 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book World Economic Outlook, April 2019 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-04-09 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After strong growth in 2017 and early 2018, global economic activity slowed notably in the second half of last year, reflecting a confluence of factors affecting major economies. China’s growth declined following a combination of needed regulatory tightening to rein in shadow banking and an increase in trade tensions with the United States. The euro area economy lost more momentum than expected as consumer and business confidence weakened and car production in Germany was disrupted by the introduction of new emission standards; investment dropped in Italy as sovereign spreads widened; and external demand, especially from emerging Asia, softened. Elsewhere, natural disasters hurt activity in Japan. Trade tensions increasingly took a toll on business confidence and, so, financial market sentiment worsened, with financial conditions tightening for vulnerable emerging markets in the spring of 2018 and then in advanced economies later in the year, weighing on global demand. Conditions have eased in 2019 as the US Federal Reserve signaled a more accommodative monetary policy stance and markets became more optimistic about a US–China trade deal, but they remain slightly more restrictive than in the fall.
Book Synopsis China's Belt And Road Initiative, The Eurasian Landbridge, And The New Mega-regionalism by : Richard Pomfret
Download or read book China's Belt And Road Initiative, The Eurasian Landbridge, And The New Mega-regionalism written by Richard Pomfret and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contribution to the World Scientific series on the Belt and Road Initiative focuses on the overland connections west from China, the Silk Road Economic Belt component of the BRI. It emphasizes the economic underpinning of the Belt in the market-driven creation of the Eurasian Landbridge and the linking of regional value chains. A fundamental economic driver behind this is the twenty-first century evolution of international value chains, in which China plays a major role, and their transformation by new trade technologies. Finer fragmentation of production and wider scanning for participants in value chains underlie the need for common, preferably global, regulation of new trade technologies and the emergence of mega-regional trade agreements (and China's response to such agreements).Thus, the Eurasian part of the Belt and Road Initiative must be seen in conjunction with China's growing role in the twenty-first-century global economy. Especially since the 2016 US presidential election, these connections have become entwined with China's reactions to criticisms of the Belt and Road Initiative and China's recognition of the benefits of more nuanced economic diplomacy to find common ground with other economic powers, notably the European Union and signatories of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership.
