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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (938 download)
Download or read book A Low Power Successive Approximation Analog to Digital Converter for Wireless Sensor written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Chung-Chih Hung
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030888452
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)
Download or read book Ultra-Low-Voltage Frequency Synthesizer and Successive-Approximation Analog-to-Digital Converter for Biomedical Applications written by Chung-Chih Hung and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-07 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the origin of biomedical signals and the operating principles behind them and introduces the characteristics of common biomedical signals for subsequent signal measurement and judgment. Since biomedical signals are captured by wearable devices, sensor devices, or implanted devices, these devices are all battery-powered to maintain long working time. We hope to reduce their power consumption to extend service life, especially for implantable devices, because battery replacement can only be done through surgery. Therefore, we must understand how to design low-power integrated circuits. Both implantable and in-vitro medical signal detectors require two basic components to collect and transmit biomedical signals: an analog-to-digital converter and a frequency synthesizer because these measured biomedical signals are wirelessly transmitted to the relevant receiving unit. The core unit of wireless transmission is the frequency synthesizer, which provides a wide frequency range and stable frequency to demonstrate the quality and performance of the wireless transmitter. Therefore, the basic operating principle and model of the frequency synthesizer are introduced. We also show design examples and measurement results of a low-power low-voltage integer-N frequency synthesizer for biomedical applications. The detection of biomedical signals needs to be converted into digital signals by an analog-to-digital converter to facilitate subsequent signal processing and recognition. Therefore, the operating principle of the analog-to-digital converter is introduced. We also show implementation examples and measurement results of low-power low-voltage analog-to-digital converters for biomedical applications.
Author : Muhammad Ahmadi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (923 download)
Download or read book Comparator Power Reduction for Low Power Successive Approximation Analog to Digital Converters written by Muhammad Ahmadi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many applications like sensor nodes, wireless communications and consumer products require analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) to digitize the analog information. Charge redistribution successive approximation register (SAR) ADC has been a popular candidate in these applications due to its simplicity, low power consumption, medium speed and resolution. The three primary components of a SAR ADC are the digital-to-analog converter (DAC), digital SAR logic, and comparator. The power consumption of the DAC can be greatly minimized by employing a small unit capacitor and digital circuits benefit from technology scaling. Consequently, the comparator has become a major source of power consumption in recent power efficient SAR ADCs. Two comparator power reduction techniques are proposed which are based on the observation that the comparator noise variance need not be the same for each bit cycle of the SAR ADC. So, the performance of the SAR ADC is analyzed rigorously assuming that the comparator thermal noise differs for each bit cycle. The mathematical model suggests that using the same comparator noise variance for each bit cycle is suboptimal and results in more power consumption than necessary. As a first technique, a noise programmable comparator based on majority vote technique is proposed to adjust the comparator noise performance at each bit step by changing the number of votes taken at each bit step. As a proof of concept, a 10b SAR ADC that operates at 0.5 V supply voltage and supports a flexible differential input dynamic range from 0.4 V to 1 V has been fabricated in 65nm CMOS process. Second, the optimal comparators that need to be used to achieve a desired overall performance at minimum power levels are theoretically analyzed. Simulation results show that up to 50% and 60% reduction in comparator power consumption for 10b and 12b SAR ADCs, respectively, can be achieved. To reduce the implementation complexity, the comparator noise allocation problem is also solved when fewer than N comparators are employed in an N-bit SAR ADC. Simulation results suggest that two comparators are sufficient to achieve near ideal performance.
Author : Ramgopal Sekar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (731 download)
Download or read book Low-power Techniques for Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog-to-digital Converters written by Ramgopal Sekar and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, the author investigated circuit techniques to reduce the power consumption of Successive Approximation Register Analog-to-Digital Converter (SAR-ADC). The author developed four low-power SAR-ADC design techniques, which are: (1) Low-power SAR-ADC design with split voltage reference, (2) Charge recycling techniques for low-power SAR-ADC design, (3) Low-power SAR-ADC design using two-capacitor arrays, (4) Power reduction techniques by dynamically minimizing SAR-ADC conversion cycles. Matlab simulations are performed to investigate the power saving by the proposed techniques. Simulation results show that significant power reduction can be achieved by using the developed techniques. In addition, design issues such as area overhead, design complexity associated with the proposed low-power techniques are also discussed in the thesis.
Author : Taimur Rabuske
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319396242
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)
Download or read book Charge-Sharing SAR ADCs for Low-Voltage Low-Power Applications written by Taimur Rabuske and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-02 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces readers to the potential of charge-sharing (CS) successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), while providing extensive analysis of the factors that limit the performance of the CS topology. The authors present guidelines and useful techniques for mitigating the limitations of the architecture, while focusing on the implementation under restricted power budgets and voltage supplies.
Author : Marvin Wayne Suggs (Jr.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)
Download or read book An 8-bit Analog-to-digital Converter for Battery Operated Wireless Sensor Nodes written by Marvin Wayne Suggs (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wireless sensing networks (WSNs) collect analog information transduced into the form of a voltage or current. This data is typically converted into a digital representation of the value and transmitted wirelessly using various modulation techniques. As the available power and size is limited for wireless sensor nodes in many applications, a medium resolution Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) is proposed to convert a sensed voltage with moderate speeds to lower power consumption. Specifications also include a rail-to-rail input range and minimized errors associated with offset, gain, differential nonlinearity, and integral nonlinearity. To achieve these specifications, an 8-bit successive approximation register ADC is developed which has a conversion time of nine clock cycles. This ADC features a charge scaling array included to achieve minimized power consumption and area by reducing unit capacitance in the digital-to-analog converter. Furthermore, a latched comparator provides fast decisions utilizing positive feedback. The ADC was designed and simulated using Cadence Virtuoso with parasitic extraction over expected operating temperature range of 0 - 85°C. The design was fabricated using TSMC's 65 nanometer RF GP process and tested on a printed circuit board to verify design specifications. The measured results for the device show an offset and gain error of +7 LSB and 31.1 LSB, respectively, and a DNL range of -0.9 LSB to +0.8 LSB and an INL range of approximately -4.6 LSB to +12 LSB. The INL is much improved in regard to the application of the temperature sensor. The INL for this region of interest is from -3.5 LSB to +2.8 LSB.
Author : Kun Yang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (55 download)
Download or read book A 16 Bit 500KSps Low Power Successive Approximation Analog to Digital Converter written by Kun Yang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rabeeh Majidi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (747 download)
Download or read book Low Power High Performance Successive Approximation Analog to Digital Converter written by Rabeeh Majidi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Chenglong Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (99 download)
Download or read book Low-power Low-voltage Analog Circuit Techniques for Wireless Sensors written by Chenglong Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research investigates lower-power lower-voltage analog circuit techniques suitable for wireless sensor applications. Wireless sensors have been used in a wide range of applications and will become ubiquitous with the revolution of internet of things (IoT). Due to the demand of low cost, miniature desirable size and long operating cycle, passive wireless sensors which don't require battery are more preferred. Such sensors harvest energy from energy sources in the environment such as radio frequency (RF) waves, vibration, thermal sources, etc. As a result, the obtained energy is very limited. This creates strong demand for low power, lower voltage circuits. The RF and analog circuits in the wireless sensor usually consume most of the power. This motivates the research presented in the dissertation. Specially, the research focuses on the design of a low power high efficiency regulator, low power Resistance to Digital Converter (RDC), low power Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) with parasitic error reduction and a low power low voltage Low Dropout (LDO) regulator. This dissertation includes a low power analog circuit design for the RFID wireless sensor which consists of the energy harvest circuits (an optimized rectifier and a regulator with high current efficiency) and a sensor measurement circuit (RDC), a single end sampling SAR ADC with no error induced by the parasitic capacitance and a digital loop LDO whose line and load variation response is improved. These techniques will boost the design of the wireless sensor and they can also be used in other similar low power design.
Author : Wei Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 73 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (874 download)
Download or read book Low-power Successive Approximation Analog to Digital Converter with Digital Calibration written by Wei Li and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IC designers are continuously facing the challenges from reduced CMOS feature sizes and supply voltages. ADCs that deliver satisfactory resolutions/speeds while utilizing the state-of-the-art technologies to save power are in high demand. The analog circuits are more and more assisted by various digital calibration techniques to get boosted performances. This dissertation is focused on a low-power 12-bit 12.5-MS/s successive approximation (SAR) ADC with a couple of calibration schemes. The performances of the proposed SAR ADC are enhanced in two directions. To reduce the power dissipation, a power saving strategy has been proposed. Also, several foreground calibration methods for SAR ADCs have been proposed to reduce power dissipation and enhance conversion accuracy. The design was fabricated in 40nm CMOS technology. Measurement results after calibration showed a SFDR of 82.2 dB, and a THD improvement of 22.5 dB. Finally, two new schemes to realize teraohm on-chip resistance are presented. One of the schemes utilizes a switched-capacitor array, and the other utilizes a switch-capacitor ladder. Using these schemes, large resistances can be fabricated with standard CMOS process in an affordable chip area.
Author : Frank M. Yaul
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (973 download)
Download or read book Amplifier and Data Converter Techniques for Low Power Sensor Interfaces written by Frank M. Yaul and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensor interfaces circuits are integral components of wireless sensor nodes, and improvements to their energy-efficiency help enable long-term medical and industrial monitoring applications. This thesis explores both analog and algorithmic energy-saving techniques in the sensor interface signal chain. First, a data-dependent successive-approximation algorithm is developed and is demonstrated in a low-power analog-to-digital converter (ADC) implementation. When averaged over many samples, the energy per conversion and number of bitcycles per conversion used by this algorithm both scale logarithmically with the activity of the input signal, with each N-bit conversion using between 2 and 2N+1 bitcycles, compared to N for conventional binary SA. This algorithm reduces ADC power consumption when sampling signals with low mean activity, and its effectiveness is demonstrated on an electrocardiogram signal. With a 0.6V supply, the 10-bit ADC test chip has a maximum sample rate of 16 kHz and an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 9.73b. The ADC's Walden Figure of Merit (FoM) ranges from 3.5 to 20 fJ/conversion-step depending on the input signal activity. Second, an ultra-low supply voltage amplifier stage is developed and used to create an energy-efficient low-noise instrumentation amplifier (LNIA). This chopper LNIA uses a 0.2V-supply inverter-based input stage followed by a 0.8V-supply folded-cascode common-source stage. The high input-stage current needed to reduce the input-referred noise is drawn from the 0.2V supply, significantly reducing power consumption. The 0.8V stage provides high gain and signal swing, improving linearity. Biasing and common-mode rejection techniques for the 0.2V-stage are also presented. The analog front-end (AFE) test chip incorporating the chopper LNIA achieves a power-efficiency figure (PEF) of 1.6 with an input noise of 0.94 [mu]VRMS, integrated from 0.5 to 670 Hz. Human biopotential signals are measured using the AFE.
Author : Sharath Ranga Srinivasan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Low-power Techniques for Resolution and Frequency-reconfigurable Data Conversion for Sensor-based Applications written by Sharath Ranga Srinivasan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Owing to the rapid technological advancements, the area of Wireless Sensor Networks has seen a Tremendous growth and are instrumental in a multitude of applications ranging from health monitoring to space exploration. Sensor networks consist of completely autonomous self-powered multiple sensor nodes that assimilate, process and transmit information, either continually or based on an event, in a distributed fashion. Although they provide innu-merable possibilities, battery size is scaled down to match the footprint of the device, and therefore, the energy-efficiency of the electronic circuitry is crucial in improving the lifetime of sensor nodes. An energy-efficient fexible analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which is an important com-ponent of any sensor node, has been proposed. The conversion speed and resolution of the proposed ADC architecture can be easily reconfigured, enabling the option to fine-tune the power consumption and performance based on the application at hand. A wide range of adjustable sampling rate of 500 Samples/Sec - 200 KSamples/Sec and resolution from 6-10 bits has been targeted in this work. In this dissertation, a new switching technique for successive-approximation ADC has been presented that is 90.4% more energy-efficient than the conventional architecture. Detailed analysis along with simulation and chip measurement results prove the robustness of the proposed ADC.
Author : Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364212707X
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)
Download or read book Advances in Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks written by Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-16 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent times wireless sensors and sensor networks have become a great interest to research, scientific and technological community. Though the sensor networks have been in place for more than a few decades now, the wireless domain has opened up a whole new application spaces of sensors. Wireless sensors and sensor networks are different from traditional wireless networks as well computer networks and therefore pose more challenges to solve such as limited energy, restricted life time, etc. This book intends to illustrate and to collect recent advances in wireless sensors and sensor networks, not as an encyclopedia but as clever support for scientists, students and researchers in order to stimulate exchange and discussions for further developments.
Author : Behzad Razavi
Publisher : Wiley-IEEE Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (97 download)
Download or read book Principles of Data Conversion System Design written by Behzad Razavi and published by Wiley-IEEE Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This advanced text and reference covers the design and implementation of integrated circuits for analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion. It begins with basic concepts and systematically leads the reader to advanced topics, describing design issues and techniques at both circuit and system level. Gain a system-level perspective of data conversion units and their trade-offs with this state-of-the art book. Topics covered include: sampling circuits and architectures, D/A and A/D architectures; comparator and op amp design; calibration techniques; testing and characterization; and more!
Author : Kokula Krishna Hari Kunasekaran
Publisher : Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties (ASDF)
ISBN 13 : 8192974251
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (929 download)
Download or read book Proceedings of The International Conference on Inter Disciplinary Research in Engineering and Technology 2015 written by Kokula Krishna Hari Kunasekaran and published by Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties (ASDF). This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Welcome to the International Conference on Inter Disciplinary Research in Engineering and Technology (ICIDRET) 2015 in DSIIDC, Government of NCT, New Delhi, India, Asia on 29 – 30 April, 2015. If this is your first time to New Delhi, you need to look on more objects which you could never forget in your lifetime. There is much to see and experience at The National Capital of Republic of India. The concept of Inter Disciplinary research was a topic of focus by various departments across the Engineering and Technology area. Flushing with major areas, this ICIDRET ’15 has addressed the E&T areas like Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Bio-Technology, Bio-Engineering, Bio-Medical, Computer Science, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Management and Textile Engineering. This focus has brought a new insight on the learning methodologies and the terminology of accepting the cross definition of engineering and the research into it. We invite you to join us in this inspiring conversation. I am pretty sure that this conference would indulge the information from the various parts of the world and could coin as a global research gathering. With more and more researchers coming into ICIDRET, this event would be as an annual event. This conference is sure that, this edition and the future edition will serve as a wise platform for the people to come with better research methodologies integrating each and every social component globally. If there would have been a thought of not integrating the RJ45 and few pieces of metal / plastic along with a PCB, today we could haven’t used the telephones and mobile phones. With an ear-mark inspiration and constant support from the Global President Dr. S. Prithiv Rajan, ASDF International President Dr. P. Anbuoli, this publication stands in front of your eyes, without them this would haven’t been possible in a very shortest span. Finally, I thank my family, friends, students and colleagues for their constant encouragement and support for making this type of conference. -- Kokula Krishna Hari K Editor-in-Chief www.kokulakrishnaharik.in
Author : Krzysztof Iniewski
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439816492
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)
Download or read book Electronics for Radiation Detection written by Krzysztof Iniewski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing need to understand and combat potential radiation damage problems in semiconductor devices and circuits. Assessing the billion-dollar market for detection equipment in the context of medical imaging using ionizing radiation, Electronics for Radiation Detection presents valuable information that will help integrated circuit (IC) designers and other electronics professionals take full advantage of the tremendous developments and opportunities associated with this burgeoning field. Assembling contributions from industrial and academic experts, this book— Addresses the state of the art in the design of semiconductor detectors, integrated circuits, and other electronics used in radiation detection Analyzes the main effects of radiation in semiconductor devices and circuits, paying special attention to degradation observed in MOS devices and circuits when they are irradiated Explains how circuits are built to deal with radiation, focusing on practical information about how they are being used, rather than mathematical details Radiation detection is critical in space applications, nuclear physics, semiconductor processing, and medical imaging, as well as security, drug development, and modern silicon processing techniques. The authors discuss new opportunities in these fields and address emerging detector technologies, circuit design techniques, new materials, and innovative system approaches. Aimed at postgraduate researchers and practicing engineers, this book is a must for those serious about improving their understanding of electronics used in radiation detection. The information presented here can help you make optimal use of electronic detection equipment and stimulate further interest in its development, use, and benefits.
Author : Fei Yuan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441976809
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)
Download or read book CMOS Circuits for Passive Wireless Microsystems written by Fei Yuan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-28 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive treatment of CMOS circuits for passive wireless microsystems. Major topics include: an overview of passive wireless microsystems, design challenges of passive wireless microsystems, fundamental issues of ultra-low power wireless communications, radio-frequency power harvesting, ultra-low power modulators and demodulators, ultra-low power temperature-compensated current and voltage references, clock generation and remote calibration, and advanced design techniques for ultra low-power analog signal processing.
