A Graph Theoretical Analysis Of Functional Brain Networks Related To Memory And Healthy Aging

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A Graph Theoretical Analysis of Functional Brain Networks Related to Memory and Healthy Aging

Author : Ty Alvin Bodily
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis A Graph Theoretical Analysis of Functional Brain Networks Related to Memory and Healthy Aging by : Ty Alvin Bodily

Download or read book A Graph Theoretical Analysis of Functional Brain Networks Related to Memory and Healthy Aging written by Ty Alvin Bodily and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cognitive decline associated with healthy aging begins in early adulthood and is important to understand as a precursor of and relative to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. Anatomical atrophy, functional compensation, and network reorganization have been observed in populations of older adults. In the current study, we examine the functional network correlates of memory performance on the Wechsler Memory Scale IV and the Mnemonic Discrimination Task (MST). We report a lack of association between global graph theory metrics and age or memory performance. In addition, we observed a positive association between lure discrimination scores from the MST and right hippocampus centrality. Upon further investigation, we confirmed that old subjects with poor memory performance had lower right hippocampus centrality scores than young subjects with high average memory performance. These novel results connect the role of the hippocampus in global brain network information flow to cognitive function and have implications for better characterizing and predicting memory decline in aging.

Brain Networks in Aging: Reorganization and Modulation by Interventions

Author : Junfeng Sun
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889454169
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Networks in Aging: Reorganization and Modulation by Interventions by : Junfeng Sun

Download or read book Brain Networks in Aging: Reorganization and Modulation by Interventions written by Junfeng Sun and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-02-22 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Old adults undertake multiple reduced cognitive abilities in aging, which are accompanied with specific brain reorganization in forms of regional brain activity and brain tissues, inter-region connectivity, and topology of whole brain networks in both function and structure. The plasticity changes of brain activities in old adults are explained by the mechanisms of compensation and dedifferentiation. For example, older adults have been observed to have greater, usually bilateral, prefrontal activities during memory tasks compared to the typical unilateral prefrontal activities in younger adults, which was explained as a compensation for the reduced brain activities in visual processing cortices. Dedifferentiation is another mechanism to explain that old adults are with much less selective and less distinct activity in task-relevant brain regions compared with younger adults. A larger number of studies have examined the plasticity changes of brain from the perspective of regional brain activities. However, studies on only regional brain activities cannot fully elucidate the neural mechanisms of reduced cognitive abilities in aging, as multiple regions are integrated together to achieve advanced cognitive function in human brain. In recent years, brain connectivity/network, which targets how brain regions are integrated, have drawn increasing attention in neuroscience with the development of neuroimaging techniques and graph theoretical analysis. Connectivity quantifies functional association or neural fibers between two regions that may be spatially far separated, and graph theoretical analysis of brain network examines the complex interactions among multiple regions from the perspective of topology. Studies showed that compared to younger adults, older adults had altered strength of task-relevant functional connectivity between specific brain regions in cognitive tasks, and the alternation of connectivity are correlated to behavior performance. For example, older adults had weaker functional connectivity between the premotor cortex and a region in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in a working memory task. Interventions like cognitive training and neuro-modulation (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation) have been shown to be promising in regaining or retaining the decreasing cognitive abilities in aging. However, only few neuroimaging studies have examined the influence of interventions to old adult’s brain activity, connectivity, and cognitive performance. This Research Topic calls for contributions on brain network of subjects in normal aging or with age-related diseases like mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. The studies are expected to be based on neuroimaging techniques including but not limited to functional magnetic resonance imaging, Electroencephalography, and diffusion tensor imaging, and contributions on the influence of interventions to brain networks in aging are highly encouraged. All these studies would enrich our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying aging, and offer new insights for developing possible interventions to retain cognitive abilities in aging subjects.

Brain Networks for Studying Healthy and Pathological Aging Mechanisms and Intervention Efficacy

Author : Christos Frantzidis
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889661229
Total Pages : 577 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Networks for Studying Healthy and Pathological Aging Mechanisms and Intervention Efficacy by : Christos Frantzidis

Download or read book Brain Networks for Studying Healthy and Pathological Aging Mechanisms and Intervention Efficacy written by Christos Frantzidis and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous studies showed that both healthy and pathological aging are associated with changes in brain structure and function of the mature human brain. The most prominent anatomical alteration are changes in prefrontal cortex morphology, volume loss and reduced white-matter integrity and hippocampal atrophy. Cognitive decline affects mainly the performance of episodic memory, speed of sensory information processing, working memory, inhibitory function and long-term memory. It has been also proposed that due to the aforementioned changes the aging brain engages in compensatory brain mechanism such as a broader activation of cortical regions (mainly frontal) rather than specialized activation. Evidence suggests that similar changes occur with pathological aging but to a greater extent. In this case information flow is disrupted due to neurodegeneration, functional activation of posterior (occipito-temporal) regions is decreased and as a consequence the brain fails to process sensorial input in the ventral pathway and cognitive deficits appear. In the last years, functional alterations associated with aging have been studied using the mathematical notion of graph theory that offers an integrative approach since it examines different properties of the brain network: 1) Organization level 2) amount of local information processing, 3) information flow 4) cortical community structure and 5) identification of functional / anatomical hubs. So, graph theory offers an attractive way to model brain networks organization and to quantify their pathological deviations. Previous studies have already employed this mathematical notion and demonstrated that age-related neurodegeneration is often accompanied by loss of optimal network organization either due to diminished local information processing or due to progressive isolation of distant brain regions. They have also found that changes in network properties may be present even in the preclinical phase, which could be taken as a biological marker of disease.

Graph-theoretical Insights Into Functional Brain Networks in Dystonia, Parkinson's Disease and Healthy Aging

Author : Jana Schill
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Graph-theoretical Insights Into Functional Brain Networks in Dystonia, Parkinson's Disease and Healthy Aging by : Jana Schill

Download or read book Graph-theoretical Insights Into Functional Brain Networks in Dystonia, Parkinson's Disease and Healthy Aging written by Jana Schill and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Brain Networks in Aging: Reorganization and Modulation by Interventions

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (136 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Networks in Aging: Reorganization and Modulation by Interventions by :

Download or read book Brain Networks in Aging: Reorganization and Modulation by Interventions written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Old adults undertake multiple reduced cognitive abilities in aging, which are accompanied with specific brain reorganization in forms of regional brain activity and brain tissues, inter-region connectivity, and topology of whole brain networks in both function and structure. The plasticity changes of brain activities in old adults are explained by the mechanisms of compensation and dedifferentiation. For example, older adults have been observed to have greater, usually bilateral, prefrontal activities during memory tasks compared to the typical unilateral prefrontal activities in younger adults, which was explained as a compensation for the reduced brain activities in visual processing cortices. Dedifferentiation is another mechanism to explain that old adults are with much less selective and less distinct activity in task-relevant brain regions compared with younger adults. A larger number of studies have examined the plasticity changes of brain from the perspective of regional brain activities. However, studies on only regional brain activities cannot fully elucidate the neural mechanisms of reduced cognitive abilities in aging, as multiple regions are integrated together to achieve advanced cognitive function in human brain. In recent years, brain connectivity/network, which targets how brain regions are integrated, have drawn increasing attention in neuroscience with the development of neuroimaging techniques and graph theoretical analysis. Connectivity quantifies functional association or neural fibers between two regions that may be spatially far separated, and graph theoretical analysis of brain network examines the complex interactions among multiple regions from the perspective of topology. Studies showed that compared to younger adults, older adults had altered strength of task-relevant functional connectivity between specific brain regions in cognitive tasks, and the alternation of connectivity are correlated to behavior performance. For example, older adults had weaker functional connectivity between the premotor cortex and a region in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in a working memory task. Interventions like cognitive training and neuro-modulation (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation) have been shown to be promising in regaining or retaining the decreasing cognitive abilities in aging. However, only few neuroimaging studies have examined the influence of interventions to old adult's brain activity, connectivity, and cognitive performance. This Research Topic calls for contributions on brain network of subjects in normal aging or with age-related diseases like mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. The studies are expected to be based on neuroimaging techniques including but not limited to functional magnetic resonance imaging, Electroencephalography, and diffusion tensor imaging, and contributions on the influence of interventions to brain networks in aging are highly encouraged. All these studies would enrich our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying aging, and offer new insights for developing possible interventions to retain cognitive abilities in aging subjects.

Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis

Author : Alex Fornito
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124081185
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis by : Alex Fornito

Download or read book Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis written by Alex Fornito and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-03-04 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to methods for unraveling the extraordinary complexity of neuronal connectivity. From the perspective of graph theory and network science, this book introduces, motivates and explains techniques for modeling brain networks as graphs of nodes connected by edges, and covers a diverse array of measures for quantifying their topological and spatial organization. It builds intuition for key concepts and methods by illustrating how they can be practically applied in diverse areas of neuroscience, ranging from the analysis of synaptic networks in the nematode worm to the characterization of large-scale human brain networks constructed with magnetic resonance imaging. This text is ideally suited to neuroscientists wanting to develop expertise in the rapidly developing field of neural connectomics, and to physical and computational scientists wanting to understand how these quantitative methods can be used to understand brain organization. Winner of the 2017 PROSE Award in Biomedicine & Neuroscience and the 2017 British Medical Association (BMA) Award in Neurology Extensively illustrated throughout by graphical representations of key mathematical concepts and their practical applications to analyses of nervous systems Comprehensively covers graph theoretical analyses of structural and functional brain networks, from microscopic to macroscopic scales, using examples based on a wide variety of experimental methods in neuroscience Designed to inform and empower scientists at all levels of experience, and from any specialist background, wanting to use modern methods of network science to understand the organization of the brain

Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging

Author : Roberto Cabeza
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199728364
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging by : Roberto Cabeza

Download or read book Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging written by Roberto Cabeza and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-24 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until very recently, our knowledge about the neural basis of cognitive aging was based on two disciplines that had very little contact with each other. Whereas the neuroscience of aging investigated the effects of aging on the brain independently of age-related changes in cognition, the cognitive psychology of aging investigated the effects of aging on cognition independently of age-related changes in the brain. The lack of communication between these two disciplines is currently being addressed by an increasing number of studies that focus on the relationships between cognitive aging and cerebral aging. This rapidly growing body of research has come to constitute a new discipline, which may be called cognitive neuroscience of aging. The goal of Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging is to introduce the reader to this new discipline at a level that is useful to both professionals and students in the domains of cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, neurology, and other, related areas. This book is divided into four main sections. The first section describes noninvasive measures of cerebral aging, including structural (e.g., volumetric MRI), chemical (e.g., dopamine PET), electrophysiological (e.g., ERPs), and hemodynamic (e.g., fMRI), and discusses how they can be linked to behavioral measures of cognitive aging. The second section reviews evidence for the effects of aging on neural activity during different cognitive functions, including perception and attention, imagery, working memory, long-term memory, and prospective memory. The third section focuses on clinical and applied topics, such as the distinction between healthy aging and Alzheimers disease and the use of cognitive training to ameliorate age-related cognitive decline. The last section describes theories that relate cognitive and cerebral aging, including models accounting for functional neuroimaging evidence and models supported by computer simulations. Taken together, the chapters in this volume provide the first unified and comprehensive overview of the new discipline of cognitive neuroscience of aging.

Electroencephalography

Author : Ernst Niedermeyer
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 9780781751261
Total Pages : 1342 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (512 download)

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Book Synopsis Electroencephalography by : Ernst Niedermeyer

Download or read book Electroencephalography written by Ernst Niedermeyer and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2005 with total page 1342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Established in 1982 as the leading reference on electroencephalography, Drs. Niedermeyer's and Lopes da Silva's text is now in its thoroughly updated Fifth Edition. An international group of experts provides comprehensive coverage of the neurophysiologic and technical aspects of EEG, evoked potentials, and magnetoencephalography, as well as the clinical applications of these studies in neonates, infants, children, adults, and older adults. This edition includes digital EEG and advances in areas such as neurocognition. Three new chapters cover the topics of Ultra-Fast EEG Frequencies, Ultra-Slow Activity, and Cortico-Muscular Coherence. Hundreds of EEG tracings and other illustrations complement the text.

Handbook of Neuroengineering

Author : Nitish V. Thakor
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811655405
Total Pages : 3686 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Neuroengineering by : Nitish V. Thakor

Download or read book Handbook of Neuroengineering written by Nitish V. Thakor and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-02 with total page 3686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook serves as an authoritative reference book in the field of Neuroengineering. Neuroengineering is a very exciting field that is rapidly getting established as core subject matter for research and education. The Neuroengineering field has also produced an impressive array of industry products and clinical applications. It also serves as a reference book for graduate students, research scholars and teachers. Selected sections or a compendium of chapters may be used as “reference book” for a one or two semester graduate course in Biomedical Engineering. Some academicians will construct a “textbook” out of selected sections or chapters. The Handbook is also meant as a state-of-the-art volume for researchers. Due to its comprehensive coverage, researchers in one field covered by a certain section of the Handbook would find other sections valuable sources of cross-reference for information and fertilization of interdisciplinary ideas. Industry researchers as well as clinicians using neurotechnologies will find the Handbook a single source for foundation and state-of-the-art applications in the field of Neuroengineering. Regulatory agencies, entrepreneurs, investors and legal experts can use the Handbook as a reference for their professional work as well.

The Neuroimaging of Brain Diseases

Author : Christophe Habas
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319789260
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis The Neuroimaging of Brain Diseases by : Christophe Habas

Download or read book The Neuroimaging of Brain Diseases written by Christophe Habas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-15 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Notable experts in the field of neuroimaging provide comprehensive overviews of advances in functional and structural aspects of both common and uncommon brain disorders. Functional imaging is evolving quickly but researchers and clinicians do not always have a strong understanding of the fundamental basis of the imaging techniques that they use. By focusing on both structure and function this book will provide a strong foundation for emerging developments in the field.

Clock Drawing in Alzheimer's Disease

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Clock Drawing in Alzheimer's Disease by :

Download or read book Clock Drawing in Alzheimer's Disease written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Images of Healthy Aging: Functional Brain Networks and Selective Attention

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789036765084
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Images of Healthy Aging: Functional Brain Networks and Selective Attention by :

Download or read book Images of Healthy Aging: Functional Brain Networks and Selective Attention written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Characterization of Human Brain Functional Reorganization with Aging and Pathological Diseases

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (889 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Human Brain Functional Reorganization with Aging and Pathological Diseases by :

Download or read book Characterization of Human Brain Functional Reorganization with Aging and Pathological Diseases written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human brain is a complex structure consisting of spatially distributed but functionally related regions. It undergoes both morphological and functional modifications across the human lifespan. To gain an understanding of age-related functional reorganization of the human brain, we used MRI to quantitatively measure how brain regions are functionally connected and examined the complex pattern of interactions between brain regions using network analyses. In Chapter I, brain functional connectivity (FC) was evaluated using resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) in two groups of subjects classified by age. A statistical approach was applied to examine the reliability of FC across subjects and across multiple scan sessions. Results suggest that FC can be stably measured using rs-fMRI, and aging is associated with a decline in reliable connections suggesting the existence of age-related underlying changes in brain organization. In Chapter II, a network model was developed using graph theory in order to examine the complex patterns of FC and further investigated the effect of aging on brain network reorganization at whole brain-wide level and the local regional level. Two important networks--the default mode network (DMN), which includes bran regions that are most active when the brain is at wakeful rest, and the sensorimotor network involved in primary information processing, were shown to have distinct patterns of reorganization with aging. In Chapter III, this network model was applied to a group of epilepsy patients and age-matched healthy control subjects to examine the epileptic brain reorganizational changes. These epilepsy patients showed abnormal increases in the number of between-network connections that are weakly connected, leading to less differentiated brain functional divisions and significantly reduced efficiency for local information transmission. Collectively, the work presented in this thesis applies mathematical approaches to examine human brain reorganizational changes due to normal aging and pathological diseases. It provides a better understanding of how normal healthy aging modulates the brain network to produce a compensation mechanism in order to maintain the cognitive and sensorimotor behavioral performance with aging. This work is also intended to provide a baseline for examining network impairments and disease development in patient population such as epilepsy.

Functional Brain Network Organization Supporting Executive Control Processing

Author : Courtney Leigh Gallen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Functional Brain Network Organization Supporting Executive Control Processing by : Courtney Leigh Gallen

Download or read book Functional Brain Network Organization Supporting Executive Control Processing written by Courtney Leigh Gallen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Executive control comprises a set of neural processes that are critical for goal-directed behaviors, such as attention and working memory. Such complex behaviors likely rely on the flexible communication within and between brain sub-networks, or modules. In this thesis, I present several projects that use graph theoretical methods to describe the brain as a complex network and examine the role of brain network organization in supporting aspects of executive control processing. Across these projects, I use a variety of methods, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional connectivity, and cognitive training. The first chapter of this thesis examines the influence of attention demands on brain network organization. Here, I show that brain network modules become more integrated during the processing of relevant stimuli compared with the processing of irrelevant distractors during a working memory N-back task. The strength of this reconfiguration is related to faster task performance, suggesting its importance in executive control. The second chapter of this thesis examines the influence of aging on reconfiguration of brain networks due to executive control (i.e., N-back load) demands. Here, I demonstrate that older adults exhibit changes in brain network organization at lower levels of demand compared with young adults. Further, brain network reconfiguration from a task-free ‘resting-state’ to an N-back task is related to better task performance and greater structural connectivity of a core frontal-posterior white matter tract. The final two chapters of this thesis examine how brain network organization can predict gains in executive control processing after cognitive interventions. The first project shows that the extent of segregation of brain network modules (i.e., higher network modularity) is predictive of greater training-related cognitive gains in older adults. The second project extends this predictive framework to healthy young adults. In sum, these projects demonstrate that brain networks flexibly reconfigure depending on executive control demands and that aspects of brain networks are predictive of training-related gains of executive control. These findings provide insight into how properties of large-scale brain networks allow for executive control processing.

Investigating Age-related Differences in Functional Brain Activity and Connectivity Underlying Source Memory

Author : Elizabeth Ankudowich
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigating Age-related Differences in Functional Brain Activity and Connectivity Underlying Source Memory by : Elizabeth Ankudowich

Download or read book Investigating Age-related Differences in Functional Brain Activity and Connectivity Underlying Source Memory written by Elizabeth Ankudowich and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Episodic memory encompasses an extraordinary range of diverse cognitive functions that are integral to daily functioning. Healthy aging is associated with declines in episodic memory, which may impair older adults' ability to remember the rich contextual details of previously experienced events. By the age of sixty, older individuals may have a reduced ability to remember spatial or temporal contextual features of past events (e.g., where or when you last took a prescription medication). Previous studies have focused on understanding the anatomical and functional neural correlates of episodic memory decline in young and older adulthood, but how these underlying mechanisms contribute to episodic memory to across the adult lifespan remains to be explored. In this series of studies, we aim to advance our understanding of the differences in episodic memory that develop across the adult lifespan and the neural basis of this age-related decline, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Using a lifespan sample of young, middle-aged, and older adults, we employ a source memory paradigm to assess individuals' memory for the spatial and temporal contextual details of photographs of faces. In addition, we analyze fMRI data collected during both initial encoding and subsequent retrieval of contextual information in order to examine differential effects of age on encoding- and retrieval-specific processes. In Study 1, we demonstrate that declines in source memory may be discernible by midlife, extend into older adulthood, and are associated with reduced modulation of phase-specific activity in anterior prefrontal (PFC) and posterior ventral visual areas. We also show that older adulthood may be associated with increased phase-specific modulation, particularly in areas of lateral PFC and medial temporal lobes (MTL) at retrieval. In Study 2, we extend these findings to show how lifespan differences in phase-specific activity directly contribute to source memory performance. In particular, we find that older individuals engage dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) to a greater extent at encoding and hippocampus (HC) to a greater extent at retrieval, during the phase when it does not seem to help performance across individuals. In Study 3, we address whether these age-related increases in encoding- or retrieval-specific activation might be related to differences in whole-brain connectivity. We examine whether age-related increases in DLPFC (Study 2 encoding) and posterior HC (Study 2 retrieval) differentially correlate with activity across the rest of the brain and with performance. In young adults, we demonstrate that connectivity between lateral PFC, parietal, and ventral visual cortical regions and our DLPFC seed relates to better performance. In older adults, these same regions show greater connectivity with posterior HC and relate to worse performance. Converging findings across studies suggests that activity and connectivity among fronto-parietal regions support the recollection of visual information and source memory performance in young adults, whereas aging may be associated with altered modulation of fronto-parietal activity and connectivity with posterior HC, which does not support source memory performance." --

Graph Theoretic Analysis of the Human Brain's Functional Connectivity Alteration Due to Sleep Restriction

Author : Marwa Antar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (138 download)

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Book Synopsis Graph Theoretic Analysis of the Human Brain's Functional Connectivity Alteration Due to Sleep Restriction by : Marwa Antar

Download or read book Graph Theoretic Analysis of the Human Brain's Functional Connectivity Alteration Due to Sleep Restriction written by Marwa Antar and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sleep plays a vital role in learning and memory consolidation. Several studies used brain models of sleep deprivation (SD) and insomnia to study the association between sleep deficiency and cognitive decline conditions. SD was found to cause similar, albeit subtle, cognitive decline symptoms displayed by dementia patients affecting attentional functions, decision making, working and long-term memory. This study examines the effect of sleep restriction (SR) on brain networks and utilizes Functional Connectivity (FC) analysis to identify patterns of information processing between different brain regions. It particularly applies weighted phase-lag index (wPLI) to quantify brain signals synchronization levels during a visual oddball paradigm task that evokes event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with face recognition. This study also examines the viability of graph theoretic analysis (GTA), which provides a holistic view on the brain network topology. GTA quantifies the brain connectivity features to assess the global efficiency and local efficiency of information processing, pre- and post- SR intervention. Significant alterations were found in all graph indices mainly in [alpha]-, [mu]- and [beta]- frequency bands due to induced mental fatigue. The obtained results reveal significantly lower local connections (p [less-than] 0.05) and lower global efficiency (p [less-than] 0.001), particularly in the [alpha]- band as a result of mental fatigue, reflecting the impact of sleep loss on attention and memory processing.

The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging

Author : Ayanna K. Thomas
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108690742
Total Pages : 1019 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging by : Ayanna K. Thomas

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging written by Ayanna K. Thomas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 1019 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that normal aging is accompanied by cognitive change. Much of this change has been conceptualized as a decline in function. However, age-related changes are not universal, and decrements in older adult performance may be moderated by experience, genetics, and environmental factors. Cognitive aging research to date has also largely emphasized biological changes in the brain, with less evaluation of the range of external contributors to behavioral manifestations of age-related decrements in performance. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge cognitive aging research through the lens of a life course perspective that takes into account both behavioral and neural changes. Focusing on the fundamental principles that characterize a life course approach - genetics, early life experiences, motivation, emotion, social contexts, and lifestyle interventions - this handbook is an essential resource for researchers in cognition, aging, and gerontology.