A Detailed Approach To Low Grade Geothermal Esources In The Appalachian Basin Of New York And Pennsylvania

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A Detailed Approach to Low-grade Geothermal Esources in the Appalachian Basin of New York and Pennsylvania

Author : Elaina Nicole Shope
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (826 download)

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Book Synopsis A Detailed Approach to Low-grade Geothermal Esources in the Appalachian Basin of New York and Pennsylvania by : Elaina Nicole Shope

Download or read book A Detailed Approach to Low-grade Geothermal Esources in the Appalachian Basin of New York and Pennsylvania written by Elaina Nicole Shope and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential to utilize widespread low -grade geothermal resources of the Northeastern U.S. for thermal direct use and combined heat and power applications can be realized using technologies embodied in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). In lower grade regions, accurate knowledge of small variations in te mperature gradient will be crucial to the economic viability of EGS development. In order to facilitate EGS project placement and design, this study draws a more complete picture of geothermal resources in the Northeastern United States-with a particular focus on New York and Pennsylvania-by incorporating thousands of new temperature-depth data collected as a result of continuing drilling for petroleum and natural gas in the region. Using these new data, a series of maps covering the Appalachian Basin of New York and Pennsylvania were produced that show variations in subsurface thermal gradient, surface heat flow, and projected temperature at depth . The increased spatial accuracy and resolution compared to earlier geothermal maps of the Northeast U.S. illu minate better spatial variations in the resource quality, and have a much smaller degree of uncertainty in both extent and magnitude. The maps indicate that the temperatures required for direct -use applications are available at economically viable drillin g depths (shallower than 6 km) over a majority of the region. Although much was learned by using a simplified geological model of the Appalachian Basin of Pennsylvania and New York that enabled the rapid incorporation of temperature-depth data, geologic heterogeneities must be incorporated into the sedimentary model with corresponding heat flow and temperature at depth calculations in order to better represent the availability of low-grade geothermal resources. An improved sedimentary model accounts for Precambrian faults and variations in overall sediment thickness that result from those faults in the state of Pennsylvania. Visual comparison of the maps produced using the initial, simple model shows that the location of the Rome Trough half-graben in the southwestern and central parts of Pennsylvania aligns with a trend of above-average geothermal gradient (30°C/km) and heat flow (70 mW/m2) in an area of high data density. Thus the geologic model was refined to include the strata filling the Rome Trough, with a concomitant adjustment in the equation for the projected temperature at depth. It is possible that the Rome Trough basement faults are related to the locations of basement intrusions and enhanced deep basin fluid flow, which could result in increased radiogenic heat generation and convective heat transport, respectively . Evaluation of these variables across the study area would increase certainty regarding the location of temperature anomalies and help to better identify areas with ideal charact eristics for EGS development.

Geothermal Resource Assessment

Author : Gloria Andrea Aguirre
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Geothermal Resource Assessment by : Gloria Andrea Aguirre

Download or read book Geothermal Resource Assessment written by Gloria Andrea Aguirre and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, the Northeastern United States has not been carefully explored for geothermal resources mainly because of its low-grade category, which does not make it feasible for electricity generation in today's energy markets. Advanced technologies, such as Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), have shown potential for using low-grade resources for both direct thermal use for heating and cooling and combined heat and power applications (CHP) (Tester et al., 2006; Tester et al., 2010). Interest in geothermal has fluctuated over the last 40 years, since uncertainties in resource maps, coupled with expected high drilling costs often minimize the viability of low-grade geothermal resources relative to the cost of current alternatives, such as natural gas. Research in this area continues to be done with the hope of exploiting the many economic, social, and political benefits this renewable energy has to offer. This thesis develops and compares methods for the assessment of geothermal characteristics of a region and their estimates of the uncertainty in the assessments. In addition, this thesis uses such methods to provide an assessment of the geothermal characteristics of the New York - Pennsylvania region for which drill-log information is available. This thesis has 5 major sections corresponding to 9 chapters. Chapters 1 and 2 provide an introduction to the thesis and the analysis. Chapter 3 discusses methods for developing thermal resource characteristics. Specifically, bottom-hole temperature (BHT) corrections and equations used to describe geothermal gradient, average thermal conductivity, surface heat flow, and temperature-at-depth are discussed. Chapters 4 and 5 provide an analysis of the geology and available well data for the Appalachian Basin of New York and Pennsylvania. Chapter 5 recommends methods for the detection of anomalies or outlying values within large datasets. Chapters 6 and 7 recommend methods for the assessment of geothermal characteristics for the Appalachian Basin of New York and Pennsylvania, as well as estimates of the uncertainty in the assessment. Chapter 8 provides a comparison of the estimates reported in Chapter 6 and 7 and reports the performance of each method. Chapter 9 provides the conclusions of the thesis and the analysis.

Development, Analysis, and Application of a Well by Well Method for Estimating Surface Heat Flow for Regional Geothermal Resource Assessment

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Author : George Raymond Stutz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (826 download)

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Book Synopsis Development, Analysis, and Application of a Well by Well Method for Estimating Surface Heat Flow for Regional Geothermal Resource Assessment by : George Raymond Stutz

Download or read book Development, Analysis, and Application of a Well by Well Method for Estimating Surface Heat Flow for Regional Geothermal Resource Assessment written by George Raymond Stutz and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential to utilize widespread low-grade geothermal resources of the Northeastern U.S. for thermal direct use and combined heat and power applications can be realized using technologies embodied in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). In lower grade regions, accurate knowledge of small variations in temperature gradient will be crucial to the economic viability of EGS development. To accurately map local temperature variations, resource assessments have relied largely on bottom hole temperature (BHT) measurements, primarily from oil and gas wells. As the volume of BHT data grows due to increased drilling activity, the ability to quickly analyze and incorporate additional data is critical. To accomplish this task, a thermal model was developed that is a refined and streamlined version of work previously started at Southern Methodist University (SMU) to map out the heat flow of the entire nation. The model developed for this work expands on their contributions and makes it much easier to incorporate the large amounts of data collected. Also, by being developed in Visual Basic for Applications, an Excel add-on, it is hoped that the model will help researchers at all levels of academia, government, and private industry look to EGS as a possible energy source. In order to facilitate EGS project placement and design, the model was used to draw a more complete picture of geothermal resources in the Northeastern United States, with a particular focus on New York and Pennsylvania, by incorporating thousands of new temperature-depth data collected as a result of continuing drilling for unconventional natural gas in the region. This project follows the entire evolution of an organic geothermal resource study from data collection to map production. Well data in the form of archived oil and gas well logs were collected from SMU, the Pennsylvania Geological Survey, the New York State Museum, and the New York State Department of Environ- mental Conservation. Using these new data, a series of maps covering the Appalachian Basin of New York and Pennsylvania were produced that show variations in subsurface thermal gradient and surface heat flow. The increased spatial accuracy and resolution compared to earlier geothermal maps of the Northeast U.S. illuminate better spatial variations in the resource quality and have a much smaller degree of uncertainty in both extent and magnitude. The maps indicate that the temperatures required for direct-use applications are available at technically viable drilling depths over a majority of the region. Smaller hot spot areas of higher than average heat flow are found in the Pennsylvania counties of Indiana, McKean, Lawrence, and Warren, as well as Cayuga County in New York. These anomalies represent the most ideal candidates for further exploration and characterization of their EGS potential. The model was then subjected to rigorous uncertainty analysis using Oracle Crystal Ball, a commercially available Monte Carlo simulator. This work integrated increasing complexity in the sedimentary cover of the Appalachian basin to test the precision of the predicted temperature at 6 km under Steuben County, NY. The results indicate that while the model does have inherent limitations that the user must be mindful of, it predicts temperature to a degree of precision and accuracy that is reasonable given its original purpose of incorporating very large datasets in an efficient manner.

Low Temperature Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis For The Appalachian Basin

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (982 download)

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Book Synopsis Low Temperature Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis For The Appalachian Basin by :

Download or read book Low Temperature Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis For The Appalachian Basin written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geothermal energy is an attractive sustainable energy source. Yet project developers need confirmation of the resource base to warrant their time and financial resources. The Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis of the Appalachian Basin evaluated risk metrics that communicate the favorability of potential low-temperature geothermal energy resources in reservoirs more than 1000 m below the surface. This analysis is focused on the direct use of the heat, rather than on electricity production. Four risk factors of concern for direct-use geothermal plays in the Appalachian Basin portions of New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia are examined individually, and then in combination: 1) thermal resource quality, 2) natural reservoir quality, 3) induced seismicity, and 4) utilization opportunities. Uncertainty in the risk estimation is quantified. Based on these metrics, geothermal plays in the Appalachian Basin were identified as potentially viable for a variety of direct-use-heat applications. The methodologies developed in this project may be applied in other sedimentary basins as a foundation for low temperature (50-150 °C), direct use geothermal resource, risk, and uncertainty assessment. Three methods with which to combine the four risk factors were used. Among these, the averaging of the individual risk factors indicates the most favorable counties within the study area are the West Virginia counties of Monongalia, Harrison, Lewis (dubbed the Morgantown-Clarksburg play fairway), Putnam, and Kanawha (Charleston play fairway), the New York counties of Chemung and Steuben plus adjacent Bradford county in Pennsylvania (Corning-Ithaca play fairway), and the Pennsylvania counties of Mercer, Crawford, Erie, and Warren, and adjacent Chautauqua county in New York (together, the Meadville-Jamestown play fairway). These higher priority regions are surrounded by broader medium priority zones. Also worthy of additional exploration is a broad region near Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, for which the available geological data are insufficient to fully analyze the geological risks but yet the population is high. First, to assess the spatial variation in the depth to which one would need to drill to obtain geothermal temperatures that are useful to a future project, the project used bottom-hole temperature data from Appalachian Basin oil and gas exploration. These bottom hole temperature data are abundant but of low quality. Second, the project examined the potential for sufficient water flow rates through rocks to harvest heat from a geothermal well field, considering only natural reservoirs. This analysis provides a very incomplete picture of spatial variability of natural reservoirs because the oil and gas reservoir data lack key properties and are spatially biased toward those locations with profitable amounts of hydrocarbons in the rock pore spaces. Third, in light of the fact that earthquake activity has been induced in several states by subsurface work related to the oil and gas industry, this project examined the potential for similar activity in the Appalachian Basin. Acknowledging that data for such a task are insufficient, we utilized what was available: records of seismic activity, regional estimates of the orientations of stress in the rocks, and locations and orientations of zones of lateral change in rock properties at depths down to several kilometers below Earth's surface. With these data, we created a first approximation of spatially variable risks for induced earthquakes. Because no data existed with which to test the reliability of these methods, the results have a high degree of uncertainty. Fourth, we examined the spatial variability of the above-the-ground factors that contribute to the economical viability of projects to tap low-temperature geothermal resources for direct-use. We worked principally with population density as a regionally known variable that would impact the cost of district heating. The resulting maps omit the ...

Statistical Data Analysis, Global Sensitivity Analysis, and Uncertainty Propagation Applied to Evaluating Geothermal Energy in the Appalachian Basin

Download Statistical Data Analysis, Global Sensitivity Analysis, and Uncertainty Propagation Applied to Evaluating Geothermal Energy in the Appalachian Basin PDF Online Free

Author : Calvin Augustine Whealton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 534 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Statistical Data Analysis, Global Sensitivity Analysis, and Uncertainty Propagation Applied to Evaluating Geothermal Energy in the Appalachian Basin by : Calvin Augustine Whealton

Download or read book Statistical Data Analysis, Global Sensitivity Analysis, and Uncertainty Propagation Applied to Evaluating Geothermal Energy in the Appalachian Basin written by Calvin Augustine Whealton and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation considers challenges posed by data and models used in geothermal resource assessment and end-use evaluation and consideration of possible development. The application is low-temperature, direct-use geothermal energy in the North-Central Appalachian Basin, specifically portions of New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Chapters address the statistical analysis of bottom-hole temperature (BHT) data, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of a model used in estimation of geothermal resources characteristics from BHT data, spatial screening methods for low-temperature, direct-use geothermal energy and propagation of uncertainty through those computations. Statistical analysis of subsurface temperature data focused on methods to correct BHT measurements collected when a well is drilled. Generalized least squares regression accounts for correlated residuals that result from correcting wells in a spatial cluster with a common estimated equilibrium temperature. A nonlinear regression function prevents common modeling problems with polynomial regression. BHT corrections are developed for New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Uncertainty and global sensitivity analysis techniques were used to analyze a onedimensional, (vertical) heat conduction model that estimated geothermal resource metrics from BHTs and rock column information. Approximate representations of the sedimentary column showed good agreement with predictions from columns with detailed formation thicknesses. Sobol' global sensitivity analysis indicated that the sedimentary formation thermal conductivities and the measured BHT accounted for most of the uncertainty. Favorability for low-temperature, direct-use geothermal energy projects was evaluated by combining four favorability factors: thermal resource, natural reservoir productivity, potential for induced seismicity, and surface cost of a district-heating utilization infrastructure. Several metrics (average, geometric mean, and minimum) were used to aggregate the favorability factors. Simple procedures were developed to evaluate the uncertainty in the three metrics. The analytical approximations of uncertainty of the aggregated favorability metrics generally agreed well with Monte Carlo results. An asymptotic statistical analysis compares quantile estimates based on nonparametric order statistics to those employing the sample mean and variance. The analysis considered normal, Student t, beta (known shape parameters), and three-parameter gamma (known lower bound or known shape) distributions. The range of quantiles over which the order statistics estimators have a smaller variance than the method of moments was indeed surprising.

Geothermal Resources of the Eastern United States

Author : J. L. Renner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Geothermal Resources of the Eastern United States by : J. L. Renner

Download or read book Geothermal Resources of the Eastern United States written by J. L. Renner and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Assessment of Low Grade Geothermal Resources

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessment of Low Grade Geothermal Resources by :

Download or read book Assessment of Low Grade Geothermal Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Heat Flow and Subsurface Temperature Distributions in Central and Western New York. Final Report

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Heat Flow and Subsurface Temperature Distributions in Central and Western New York. Final Report by :

Download or read book Heat Flow and Subsurface Temperature Distributions in Central and Western New York. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initiation of a geothermal energy program in western and central New York requires knowledge of subsurface temperatures for targeting areas of potential resources. The temperature distribution in possible geothermal reservoirs, calculated from heat flow measurements and modeling techniques, shows that a large area of New York can be considered for exploitation of geothermal resources. Though the temperatures at currently accessible depths show the availability of only a low-temperature (less than 100/sup 0/C), direct-use resource, this can be considered as an alternative for the future energy needs of New York State. From analysis of bottom-hole-temperature data and direct heat flow measurements, estimates of temperatures in the Cambrian Sandstones provide the basis of the economic evaluation of the reservoir. This reservoir contains the extractable fluids needed for targeting a potential geothermal well site in the low-temperature geothermal target zone. In the northern section of the Appalachian basin, reservoir temperatures in the Cambrian are below 50/sup 0/C but may be over 80/sup 0/C in the deeper parts of the basin in southern New York State. Using a minimum of 50/sup 0/C as a useful reservoir temperature, temperatures in excess of this value are encountered in the Theresa Formation at depths in excess of 1300 meters. Considering a maximum depth for economical drilling to be 2500 meters with present technology, the 2500 meters to the Theresa (sea level datum) forms the lower limit of the geothermal resource. Temperatures in the range of 70/sup 0/C to 80/sup 0/C are predicted for the southern portion of New York State.

A Practical Guide to Exploiting Low Temperature Geothermal Resources

Author : Ian A. Thain
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis A Practical Guide to Exploiting Low Temperature Geothermal Resources by : Ian A. Thain

Download or read book A Practical Guide to Exploiting Low Temperature Geothermal Resources written by Ian A. Thain and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Preliminary Definition of the Geothermal Resources Potential of Pennsylvania

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Preliminary Definition of the Geothermal Resources Potential of Pennsylvania by :

Download or read book Preliminary Definition of the Geothermal Resources Potential of Pennsylvania written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pennsylvania has a diverse geology. A small portion of the northeastern corner of the state is covered by Atlantic Coastal Plains sediments. To the northwest metamorphic rocks in the Piedment, Blue Ridge and Reading Prong areas are exposed. Triassic basine cut across portions of the Piedmont. The western portion of the state is underlain by Paleozoic sediments of the folded Appalachians and the Appalachian or Allegheny Basin. Crystalline rocks are limited to the metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Reading Prong and to Triassic diabase intrusives. Potential for geothermal resources in Pennsylvania appear to be limited to small hydrothermal systems associated with deep convection in the folded Appalachians or deep sources in the Appalachian Basin. Heat flow measurements and temperature gradients from oil and gas wells suggest normal continental heat flow in Pennsylvania. Under such conditions temperatures of about 200°C (392°F) are possible near the base of the sedimentary section (about 9 km, 30,000 feet). Warm springs are not as common in Pennsylvania as they are to the south in West Virginia and Virginia. Apparently the structure does not facilitate convective circulation. Geothermal resources in Pennsylvania appear to be restricted to those available in an area of normal temperature gradients.

Development of Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources in the Appalachian Basin

Author : Anne Linn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309298810
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources in the Appalachian Basin by : Anne Linn

Download or read book Development of Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources in the Appalachian Basin written by Anne Linn and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources in the Appalachian Basin is the summary of a workshop convened by the National Research Council to examine the geology and unconventional hydrocarbon resources of the Appalachian Basin; technical methods for producing unconventional hydrocarbons and disposing of wastewater; the potential effects of production on the environment; relevant policies and regulations; and priorities for future scientific and engineering research. Workshop presentations by experts in the fields of geosciences and engineering examined the numerous geoscientific aspects of hydrocarbon development from unconventional resources, including natural gas, oil, and natural gas liquids. Shale gas is the fastest growing source of U.S. natural gas. Most of the oil and gas produced in the United States comes from conventional reservoirs in which hydrocarbons have accumulated in discrete structural or stratigraphic traps below relatively impermeable rock and above a well-defined hydrocarbon-water interface. However, a growing fraction comes from unconventional reservoirs - geographically extensive accumulations of hydrocarbons held in low-permeability rock with diffuse boundaries and no obvious traps or hydrocarbon-water contacts. In the Appalachian Basin, shale gas development is proceeding in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, while New York and Maryland have commissioned studies to assess potential impacts. Development of Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources in the Appalachian Basin focuses on the main hydrocarbon-bearing geologic formations in and around the Appalachian Basin, including the Marcellus, Utica, and Devonian shales, and their estimated resources, current production levels, and projected output. This report examines the potential effects on surface water and groundwater quality and quantity; potential effects on landscapes, including soil and living organisms, and other environmental systems; and technical and engineering processes for exploration and production.

Upper Lower and Lower Middle Devonian Stratigraphic Synthesis

Author : Charles Adrian Ver Straeten
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Upper Lower and Lower Middle Devonian Stratigraphic Synthesis by : Charles Adrian Ver Straeten

Download or read book Upper Lower and Lower Middle Devonian Stratigraphic Synthesis written by Charles Adrian Ver Straeten and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Analytical and Geostatistical Heat Flow Modeling for Geothermal Resource Reconnaissance Applied in the Appalachian Basin

Author : Jared David Smith
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Analytical and Geostatistical Heat Flow Modeling for Geothermal Resource Reconnaissance Applied in the Appalachian Basin by : Jared David Smith

Download or read book Analytical and Geostatistical Heat Flow Modeling for Geothermal Resource Reconnaissance Applied in the Appalachian Basin written by Jared David Smith and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sedimentary basin geothermal resources are attractive sustainable heat sources because of the potential to displace fossil fuels, particularly in cold climate regions. A geothermal resource reconnaissance is presented for the Appalachian Basin surface heat flow, which is calculated at individual wells using temperature-depth data and generalized stratigraphy in a one-dimensional, steady-state, N-layer heat conduction model with two layers of radiogenic heat generation. Basin scale ordinary kriging, a common geostatistical method for geologic field assessment, is juxtaposed to spatially stratified ordinary kriging. The latter employs Poisson wavelet potential field edges to define prospective heat flow sub-provinces. The average structure of the surface heat flow spatial autocorrelation (the semi-variogram) within most sub-provinces is significantly different than the basin scale average structure. Thus, in the Appalachian Basin, for an accurate site-specific assessment of the mean surface heat flow and spatial prediction uncertainty, one should examine spatial autocorrelation at the scale of geologic subregions.

Alternative Energy

Author : Kevin J. Poplawski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Alternative Energy by : Kevin J. Poplawski

Download or read book Alternative Energy written by Kevin J. Poplawski and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Development of Water Resources in Appalachia: The incidence and formation of mine drainage pollution

Author : United States. Office of Appalachian Studies
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Water Resources in Appalachia: The incidence and formation of mine drainage pollution by : United States. Office of Appalachian Studies

Download or read book Development of Water Resources in Appalachia: The incidence and formation of mine drainage pollution written by United States. Office of Appalachian Studies and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Carboniferous of the Appalachian Basin

Author : John James Stevenson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 610 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis The Carboniferous of the Appalachian Basin by : John James Stevenson

Download or read book The Carboniferous of the Appalachian Basin written by John James Stevenson and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Development of Water Resources in Appalachia: Mineral industry resources and water requirements

Author : United States. Office of Appalachian Studies
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Water Resources in Appalachia: Mineral industry resources and water requirements by : United States. Office of Appalachian Studies

Download or read book Development of Water Resources in Appalachia: Mineral industry resources and water requirements written by United States. Office of Appalachian Studies and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: