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A Data Base Of Antarctic Pre Pleistocene Sediment Cores
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Book Synopsis A Data-base of Antarctic Pre-Pleistocene Sediment Cores by : David Lazarus
Download or read book A Data-base of Antarctic Pre-Pleistocene Sediment Cores written by David Lazarus and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A listing of high southern latitude (>30° S) pre-Pleistocene sediment cores is given for samples obtained by the coring and drilling programs of the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, the Antarctic Program of the Florida State University, the French Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, and the Deep Sea Drilling Program. Information on geologic age, core length, lithology, bathymetry, and geographic location are given for each sediment sample. Ages of cores are given whenever possible to the nearest sub-epoch (middle Miocene, etc), together with (when known) the fossils used to determine the age, and the source of the age determination. Many core ages are from previously unpublished sources. The listing provides information on approximately 500 different cores. A computer-searchable version of the database may be obtained by writing to the senior author. A brief analysis of latitudinal and bathymetric patterns of sedimentation is also given for the Paleogene, Miocene, and Pliocene of the Southern Ocean. Throughout the Neogene, an essentially modern pattern of sedimentation is seen, with carbonate ooze predominating north of the present-day position of the polar front, siliceous ooze between the polar front and approximately 65° S, and clay near the Antarctic continent and in water depths>4 km. Paleogene and Cretaceous patterns of sedimentation appear to be different, but are difficult to distinguish due to plate motion and subsidence, and also because of the relatively small number of available pre-Neogene sediment cores.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1020 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Late Pleistocene and Holocene Sediments Around South Georgia by : Nina-Marie Lešić
Download or read book Late Pleistocene and Holocene Sediments Around South Georgia written by Nina-Marie Lešić and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The island of South Georgia, along with a number of other smaller islands, is part of a microcontinent surrounded by oceanic crust in the Atlantic sector of the sub-Antarctic. Oceanographically, South Georgia lies within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), the broad oceanic current system that is driven by the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies (SHW) and climatically isolates the Antarctic continent from the warmer Northern Hemisphere. Its location in the middle of the ACC and its isolation from continental influences makes South Georgia a sensitive region, where climate changes are registered earlier than on the more thermally isolated Antarctic continent. So far, however, the timing and extent of the Last Glacial Maximum on South Georgia have not been completely resolved, mostly because radiocarbon dated sediment investigations are missing. This is mainly due to the lack of marine geological studies on the continental shelf of the southern side of the island, which is climatically much harsher and therefore less accessible than the northern side. This information, however, is important to create and evaluate reliable climate and ice sheet models. This thesis, based on the investigations of sediment cores, sediment echosounder profiles and high-resolution bathymetry data, closes important knowledge gaps in the King Haakon Trough System and Drygalski Fjord System on the southern shelf of South Georgia. For the latter, the radiocarbon-dated sediments reveal an extensive ice cap before 30 ka BP during the Local Last Glacial Maximum. In the King Haakon Trough System, the bathymetric and sediment echo-graphic mapping of this thesis also reveal shelf-wide glaciation, possibly related to the last glacial period. Furthermore, this thesis investigates the subsequent deglaciation and the traces left by climate variability and its drivers within the sedimentary records in the two cross-shelf troughs. The results show that the southern shelf environments were ice-free since before the Antarctic Cold Reversal and thus exposed to currents at least since the start of the Holocene. These likely reacted to climate fluctuations of the present interglacial and, therefore, impacted trough sedimentation. Thus, this thesis does not only provide evidence for past ice-extent, which is crucial for benchmarking modelling approaches, but also gives further insight into the Holocene climate variability and sedimentary processes around South Georgia, potentially even archiving shelf-intruding behaviour of the nearby Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front (SACCF) for at least the last 8 ka BP.
Book Synopsis Antarctic Climate Evolution by : Fabio Florindo
Download or read book Antarctic Climate Evolution written by Fabio Florindo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-10-10 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antarctic Climate Evolution is the first book dedicated to furthering knowledge on the evolution of the world's largest ice sheet over its ~34 million year history. This volume provides the latest information on subjects ranging from terrestrial and marine geology to sedimentology and glacier geophysics. - An overview of Antarctic climate change, analyzing historical, present-day and future developments - Contributions from leading experts and scholars from around the world - Informs and updates climate change scientists and experts in related areas of study
Book Synopsis Inferring West Antarctic Subglacial Basin History and Ice Stream Processes Using Siliceous Microfossils by : Jason James Coenen
Download or read book Inferring West Antarctic Subglacial Basin History and Ice Stream Processes Using Siliceous Microfossils written by Jason James Coenen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In January of 2013 and 2015 the WISSARD (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) science team collected sediment cores from Subglacial Lake Whillans (SLW), and the Whillans Grounding Zone (WGZ) which are both part of the Whillans Ice Stream (WIS) in West Antarctica. These sediment cores along with sediment samples from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Glaciology group, which include sediments from Kamb Ice Stream (KIS) and Bindschadler Ice Stream (BIS) are compared with published micropaleontological data from the WIS Upstream B camp (UpB), the Crary Ice Rise (CIR) and the Ross Ice Shelf Project (RISP), using observations on preservation of microfossils in these deposits. Diatoms and other microfossils provide biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental constraints on past marine deposition in West Antarctica interior basins, as well as inferences regarding ice stream erosion, particulate provenance and glacial mixing. Most subglacial samples contain a mixture of eroded diatoms that reflect initial deposition throughout the Cenozoic. Pleistocene diatoms are widespread but never abundant, reflecting erosion of marine sediments deposited in the West Antarctic marine basin during Quaternary ice sheet retreat events. Geologic drilling near Ross Island (the ANDRILL McMurdo Ice Shelf Project) provided abundant evidence for Pliocene and early Pleistocene retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, yet Pliocene diatoms are rare in sediments recovered from beneath grounded ice, which suggests erosion of Pliocene deposits in the Ross Embayment. Miocene age diatoms are dominant in subglacial and sub-ice shelf deposits, reflecting extensive Miocene deposition in the basin prior to entering a dominantly glacial phase. Additionally, Paleogene fossils, both marine and non-marine, occur widely, reflecting deeper erosion and providing insights into earlier basin history. SLW contains Upper Miocene fossils with a mix of younger and older taxa. These ages and taxa are consistent with previously published results from samples recovered ~200 km upstream from the UpB sites, suggesting a connection between the sites with little evidence of new subglacial erosion of material. Diatom abundance is on average lower than UpB in samples, suggesting sediments at SLW have experienced additional cumulative shearing and transport. WGZ cores exhibit stratigraphic variation in microfossil abundance as well as a transition in age dominance of taxa. Four lithostratigraphic units were observed in grounding zone cores, but a fifth unit is recognized based on microfossil data. Unit I is thought to be rain out from the base of the debris rich ice, which has a dominant Upper Miocene assemblage. Unit II is described as subglacial and is dominated by long ranging taxa, with a mix of younger material. Unit III is thought to be sub-ice shelf, which is consistent with diatomite microclasts (silt-sized aggregates) and a radiolarian that has a Late Pleistocene diatom assemblage. Unit IV is described as subglacial, based on the lithostratigraphy, however, microfossils are well-preserved, allowing definition of subunits, Unit IV-B and Unit IV-A. The stratigraphic variability at the grounding zone indicates changes in sediment provenance, indicating a variable glaciological regime, which suggesting a dynamic grounding line. Higher overall diatom abundance at WGZ indicates less cumulative glacial shear strain within the sediments than in SLW and UpB tills. KIS is one of the ice streams on the Siple Coast that has been shut down for the last 150 years. Most KIS sediments contain Upper Miocene fossils that are relatively unmixed and well-preserved, containing an order to two orders of magnitude higher diatom abundance than for all WIS samples. An exception is one sample from the KIS sticky spot (SS) that has low abundance and poor preservation indicating high cumulative shear strain. The unmixed Upper Miocene assemblage and preservation of the rest of these samples suggests close proximity to Miocene source rocks at this site. BIS is the northern-most active ice stream from this study in the Siple Coast area. These deposits contain no microfossils younger than Oligocene, suggesting tectonic processes, subglacial processes or change in source for this area. The age transition is also observed in other microfossil groups, which likely indicates a different source of sediments for BIS. Paleogene microfossils at this site are well preserved and relatively abundant. Biostratigraphic characterization of the Ross Embayment using age-specific diatoms help constrain basin scale productivity events that are linked to warm interglacial periods. Assessing when these events happened and diatom fragmentation patterns from different subglacial environments adds new insights into sediment-ice interactions and modern subglacial processes.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Late Quaternary Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology by : R. M. Cline
Download or read book Investigation of Late Quaternary Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology written by R. M. Cline and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 1976 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Exact Reconstruction of Ocean Bottom Velocity Profiles from Monochromatic Scattering Data by : André A. Merab
Download or read book Exact Reconstruction of Ocean Bottom Velocity Profiles from Monochromatic Scattering Data written by André A. Merab and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the theoretical and computational underpinnings of a novel approach to the determination of the acoustic parameters of the ocean bottom using a monochromatic source. The problem is shown to be equivalent to that of the reconstruction of the potential in a Schrodinger equation from the knowledge of the plane-wave reflection coefficient as a function of vertical wavenumber, r(kz) for all real positive k z. First, the reflection coefficient is shown to decay asymptotically at least as fast as (1/kz2) for large kz and is therefore inteqrable. The Gelfand-Levitan inversion procedure is extended to include the case of basement velocity higher than the velocity of sound in water. The neglect of bound states is shown to be justified in both clayey silt and silty clay at the 220 Hz frequency of operation. Three methods for the numerical solution of the integral equation are investigated. The first one is an "Improved Born approximation" wherein the solution is given as a series expansion the first term of which is the Born approximation while the second term represents a substantial and yet easy to implement improvement over Born. The two other methods are based on a discretization of the Gelfand-Levitan integral equation, and both avoid a matrix inversion: one by employing a recursive procedure, and the other by coupling the Gelfand-Levitan equation with a partial differential equation. Bounds are obtained on errors in the solution due either to discretization or to data inaccuracy. These methods are tested on synthetic data obtained from known geoacoustic models of the ocean bottom. Results are found to be very accurate particularly at the top of the sediment layer with resolution of less than the wavelength of the acoustic source in the water. Several effects are investigated, such as sampling, attenuation, and noise. Also examined is the gradual restriction of the reflection coefficient to a finite range of vertical wave numbers and the consequent progressive deterioration of the reconstruction. The analysis shows how to reconstruct velocity profiles in the presence of density variation when the experiment is conducted at two frequencies. Our results provide a good understanding of the issues involved in conducting a monochromatic deep ocean bottom experiment and constitute a promising technique for processing the experimental data when it becomes available.
Book Synopsis Antarctic Journal of the United States by :
Download or read book Antarctic Journal of the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1988-03 with total page 1134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science by : Cary Mock
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science written by Cary Mock and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-03-25 with total page 3883 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second revised edition of the Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, Four Volume Set, provides both students and professionals with an up-to-date reference work on this important and highly varied area of research. There are lots of new articles, and many of the articles that appeared in the first edition have been updated to reflect advances in knowledge since 2006, when the original articles were written. The second edition will contain about 375 articles, written by leading experts around the world. This major reference work is richly illustrated with more than 3,000 illustrations, most of them in colour. Research in the Quaternary sciences has advanced greatly in the last 10 years, especially since topics like global climate change, geologic hazards and soil erosion were put high on the political agenda. This second edition builds upon its award-winning predecessor to provide the reader assured quality along with essential updated coverage Contains 357 broad-ranging articles (4310 pages) written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource for information in the field. Facilitates teaching and learning The first edition was regarded by many as the most significant single overview of Quaternary science ever, yet Editor-in-Chief, Scott Elias, has managed to surpass that in this second edition by securing even more expert reviews whilst retaining his renowned editorial consistency that enables readers to navigates seamlessly from one unfamiliar topic to the next
Download or read book Current Antarctic Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bibliography of Technical Reports 1987 by :
Download or read book Bibliography of Technical Reports 1987 written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technical reports prepared by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1987 are listed in this bibliography.
Download or read book The Antarctic Paleoenvironment written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers based on work presented at a conference held at the University of California, Santa Barbara, August 28-31 1991, entitled 'The Role of the Southern Ocean and Antarctica in Global Change : an Ocean Drilling Perspective.' Papers deal with paleoenvironmental data from the Antarctic, including geology, climate, fossils, sediments and the eustatic record.
Book Synopsis The Antarctic Paleoenvironment by : James P. Kennett
Download or read book The Antarctic Paleoenvironment written by James P. Kennett and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1993-01-11 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Antarctic Research Series, Volume 60. The Antarctic continent and the surrounding Southern Ocean represent one of the major climate engines of the Earth: coupled components critical in the Earth's environmental system. The contributions in this volume help with the understanding of the long-term evolution of Antarctica's environment and biota. The aim of this and the preceding companion volume is to help place the modern system within a historical context. The environment and biosphere of the Antarctic region have undergone dynamic changes through geologic time. These, in turn, have played a key role in long-term global paleoenvironmental evolution. The development of the Southern Ocean itself, resulting from plate tectonism, created first-order changes in the circulation of the global ocean, in turn affecting meridional heat transport and hence global climates. Biospheric changes responded to the changing oceanic climatic states. Comprehension of the climatic and oceano-graphic processes that have operated at various times in Antarctica's history is crucial to the understanding of the present-day global environmental system. This knowledge will become increasingly important in parallel with concerns about anthropogenically caused global change. How vulnerable is the Antarctic region, especially its ice sheets, to global warming? The question is not parochial, given the potential of sea level change resulting from any Antarctic cryospheric development. Conversely, how much of a role does the Antarctic region, this giant icebox, play in moderating global, including sea level, change?
Book Synopsis Antarctic Marine Geology by : J. B. Anderson
Download or read book Antarctic Marine Geology written by J. B. Anderson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-09-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive single-authored book to introduce students and researchers to the marine geology of the Antarctic.
Book Synopsis Government reports annual index by :
Download or read book Government reports annual index written by and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 1420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Antarctic Palaeoenvironments and Earth-Surface Processes by : M.J. Hambrey
Download or read book Antarctic Palaeoenvironments and Earth-Surface Processes written by M.J. Hambrey and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume highlights developments in our understanding of the palaeogeographical, palaeobiological, palaeoclimatic and cryospheric evolution of Antarctica. It focuses on the sedimentary record from the Devonian to the Quaternary Period. It features tectonic evolution and stratigraphy, as well as processes taking place adjacent to, beneath and beyond the ice-sheet margin, including the continental shelf. The contributions in this volume include several invited review papers, as well as original research papers arising from the International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences in Edinburgh, in July 2011. These papers demonstrate a remarkable diversity of Earth science interests in the Antarctic. Following international trends, there is particular emphasis on the Cenozoic Era, reflecting the increasing emphasis on the documentation and understanding of the past record of ice-sheet fluctuations. Furthermore, Antarctic Earth history is providing us with important information about potential future trends, as the impact of global warming is increasingly felt on the continent and its ocean.
