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A Concise Historical Grammar Of The Albanian Language
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Book Synopsis A Concise Historical Grammar of the Albanian Language by : Vladimir Ė Orel
Download or read book A Concise Historical Grammar of the Albanian Language written by Vladimir Ė Orel and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2000 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the historical development of the Albanian language (its phonology, morphology and lexicon) from prehistoric times to our days. The main focus of the book is the reconstruction of Proto-Albanian in its relation to its ancestor, Indo-European, and to modern Albanian.
Book Synopsis An Albanian Historical Grammar by : Stuart Edward Mann
Download or read book An Albanian Historical Grammar written by Stuart Edward Mann and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Historical Dictionary of Albania by : Robert Elsie
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Albania written by Robert Elsie and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2010-03-19 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Albania is not well known by outsiders; it was deliberately closed to the outside world during the communist era. Now it has thankfully become free again, its borders are open and it can be visited, and it is increasingly integrating with the rest of Europe and beyond. Unfortunately, Albania has had its share of problems in the post-communist era; it's a land of destitution and despair, thanks in part to the Albanian mafia, which has turned the country into one of blood-feuds, kalashnikovs, and eternal crises. Yet, Albania is, in essence, a European nation like any other and will soon, it is to be hoped, advance and take its proper place in Europe and the world. The second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Albania relates the history of this little-known country through a detailed chronology, an introduction, a bibliography, appendixes, and over 700 cross-referenced dictionary entries on significant persons, places, and events; institutions and organizations; and political, economic, social, cultural, and religious facets.
Download or read book Albanian Grammar written by Martin Camaj and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Albanian Grammar written by Martin Camaj and published by Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. This book was released on 1984 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Text in English and Albanian, translated from a work originally written in German and Albanian.
Book Synopsis Language History, Language Change, and Language Relationship by : Hans Henrich Hock
Download or read book Language History, Language Change, and Language Relationship written by Hans Henrich Hock and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-09-02 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why does language change? Why can we speak to and understand our parents but have trouble reading Shakespeare? Why is Chaucer's English of the fourteenth century so different from Modern English of the late twentieth century that the two are essentially different languages? Why are Americans and English 'one people divided by a common language'? And how can the language of Chaucer and Modern English - or Modern British and American English - still be called the same language? The present book provides answers to questions like these in a straightforward way, aimed at the non-specialist, with ample illustrations from both familiar and more exotic languages. Most chapters in this new edition have been reworked, with some difficult passages removed, other passages thoroughly rewritten, and several new sections added, e.g. on the regularity of sound change and its importance for general historical-comparative linguistics. Further, the chapter notes and bibliography have all been updated. The content is engaging, focusing on topics and issues that spark student interest. Its goals are broadly pedagogical and the level and presentation are appropriate for interested beginners with little or no background in linguistics. The language coverage for examples goes well beyond what is usual for books of this kind, with a considerable amount of data from various languages of India.
Book Synopsis Journey to Albania; Land of Besa by : Kalman Dubov
Download or read book Journey to Albania; Land of Besa written by Kalman Dubov and published by Kalman Dubov. This book was released on 2024-02-18 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although tiny in comparison with other European countries, Albania looms large in terms of its people, culture and history. Blessed by an abundance of natural resources, together with the resourcefulness of its people, it stands strong in the face of much larger countries that have tried to control it and subjugate its people. In the face of overwhelming odds, Albania stood firm, refusing to be subdued to others despite that dominant country remaining on its soil for centuries. Descendants from the ancient Illyrians, a relatively unknown group, together with an obscure language unlike any other in Europe, its people are a mystery and a conundrum in the face of larger and more powerful countries. The Ottoman Empire, for example, dominated Albania and the Balkans for five centuries, but were unable to subjugate these people. Albanian embers for independence were nurtured and kept alive until, in the end, it achieved its national aspirations. Its core identity remained unchanged and strong in the face of such challenge. Perhaps the most remarkable aspect of Albanian is the concept of besa, a term denoting a code of honor. Once given to another, whether an Albanian or a stranger, the Albanian would rather forfeit his life than violate this code and promise. It was due to this concept and code that Jews in Albania, were protected and every manner of succor was extended to them. Albania remains the only country in Nazi-occupied Europe when at the end of that world war there was an increase in its Jewish population rather than the reverse. The Nazis considered the Jewish population in Albania to be about 200 persons. In fact, by war’s end, 2,000 people emerged, relating tales of the extraordinary courage and heroism extended to them by either Muslim or Christian Albanians. To date the State of Israel’s Yad Vashem has recognized 75 Albanians for its prestigious award of Righteous Among the Nations. Ironically, the very same code of honor that protected Jews during World War Two is now used by Albanians to perpetrate criminality across the world. The Albanian Mafia controls a vast international enterprise, overseeing every form of crime. At its basest element, the clannish hallmark of its membership is based on familial connections, with the code of besa given to its leadership and other members. Thereby, all in the clan are considered family for whom the code connects and protects, demanding total unquestioned obedience. Efforts to infiltrate these clans has proven an impossible task because of the interconnected webs of duty and control exerted on all in that organization. Betrayal of the clan is a violation of family and community so that total obedience is a given at all times. Hence, the same nobility of besa is also used negatively, against society and normative social frameworks. In addition, Albania still retains the cultural phenomenon of the ‘third sex’ where women become ‘sworn virgins.’ They are released from their traditional feminine role and become a ‘man,’ doing so by a formal oath given to twelve elders in the community. Afterwards, none may remind this ‘man’ of a previous life as a woman. Though the number of sworn virgins in Albania is small, it is still present and any woman may assume this transformation despite modernity and its claims of equality. The Albanian diet reflects its Mediterranean culture, using olive oil and an array of vegetables that provides an abundance of health to its people. There is much to learn from this ancient society. I hope this book does justice to the many traditions and culture of this unique people.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics by : Jared Klein
Download or read book Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics written by Jared Klein and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-06-11 with total page 1412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the most comprehensive coverage of the field of Indo-European Linguistics in a century, focusing on the entire Indo-European family and treating each major branch and most minor languages. The collaborative work of 120 scholars from 22 countries, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics combines the exhaustive coverage of an encyclopedia with the in-depth treatment of individual monographic studies.
Book Synopsis The Indo-European Language Family by : Thomas Olander
Download or read book The Indo-European Language Family written by Thomas Olander and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-09-22 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has grown out of a workshop held in Copenhagen in February 2017, The Indo-European Family Tree.
Book Synopsis Colloquial Albanian by : Linda Mëniku
Download or read book Colloquial Albanian written by Linda Mëniku and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-14 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colloquial Albanian: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed by an experienced teacher to provide a step-by-step course to Albanian as it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Albanian in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Colloquial Albanian is exceptional; each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary lists throughout. Key features include: A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills Jargon-free, succinct and clearly structured explanations of grammar An extensive range of focused and dynamic supportive exercises Realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of narrative situations Helpful cultural points explaining the customs and features of life in Albania An overview of the sounds and alphabet of Albanian Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Albanian is an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Albanian. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.
Book Synopsis A History of East Baltic through Language Contact by : Anthony Jakob
Download or read book A History of East Baltic through Language Contact written by Anthony Jakob and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-12-28 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The East Baltic languages are well known for their conservative phonology as compared to other Indo-European languages, which has led to a stereotype that the Balts developed in isolation without much contact with other speech communities. This book challenges that view, taking a deep dive into the East Baltic lexicon and peeling away the layers of prehistoric borrowings in the process. As well as significant contact events with known languages, the lexicon also reveals evidence of contact with unattested languages from which previous populations must have shifted.
Book Synopsis Indo-European Language and Culture by : Benjamin W. Fortson, IV
Download or read book Indo-European Language and Culture written by Benjamin W. Fortson, IV and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-08-17 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised and expanded edition provides a comprehensive overview of comparative Indo-European linguistics and the branches of the Indo-European language family, covering both linguistic and cultural material. Now offering even greater coverage than the first edition, it is the definitive introduction to the field. Updated, corrected, and expanded edition, containing new illustrations of selected texts and inscriptions, and text samples with translations and etymological commentary Extensively covers individual histories of both ancient and modern languages of the Indo-European family Provides an overview of Proto-Indo-European culture, society, and language Designed for use in courses, with exercises and suggestions for further reading included in each chapter Includes maps, a glossary, a bibliography, and comprehensive word and subject indexes
Book Synopsis The Indo-European Languages by : Mate Kapović
Download or read book The Indo-European Languages written by Mate Kapović and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-01-20 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Indo-European Languages presents a comprehensive survey of the individual languages and language subgroups within this language family. With over four hundred languages and dialects and almost three billion native speakers, the Indo-European language family is the largest of the recognized language groups and includes most of the major current languages of Europe, the Iranian plateau and the Indian subcontinent. Written by an international team of experts, this comprehensive, single-volume tome presents in-depth discussions of the historical development and specialized linguistic features of the Indo-European languages. This unique resource remains the ideal reference for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of Indo-European linguistics and languages, but also for more experienced researchers looking for an up-to-date survey of separate Indo-European branches. It will be of interest to researchers and anyone with an interest in historical linguistics, linguistic anthropology and language development.
Download or read book Superparticles written by Moreno Mitrović and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is all about the captivating ability that the human language has to express intricately logical (mathematical) meanings using tiny (microsemantic) morphemes as utilities. Languages mark meanings with identical inferences using identical particles and these particles thus creep up in a wide array of expressions. Because of their multi-tasking capacity to express seemingly disparate meanings, they are dubbed Superparticles. These particles are perfect windows into the interlock of several grammatical modules and the nature of the interaction of these modules through time. With a firm footing in the module where grammatical bones are built and assembled (narrow morpho-syntax), superparticles acquire varied interpretation (in the conceptual-intentional module – semantics) depending on the structure they fea- ture in. What is more, some of the interpretations these particles trigger are inferential and belong, under the standard account, to the realm of pragmatics. How can such tiny particles, rarely exceeding a syllable of sound, have such powerful and over-arching effects across the inter-modular grammatical space? This is the Platonic background against which this book is set.
Book Synopsis Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 16 (2011) by :
Download or read book Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 16 (2011) written by and published by Wydawnictwo UJ. This book was released on with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Language and Society in the Greek and Roman Worlds by : James Clackson
Download or read book Language and Society in the Greek and Roman Worlds written by James Clackson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: You are what you speak. What does language tell us about ancient societies and individuals?
Book Synopsis Comparative Indo-European Linguistics by : Robert Stephen Paul Beekes
Download or read book Comparative Indo-European Linguistics written by Robert Stephen Paul Beekes and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive introduction to Comparative Indo-European Linguistics. It starts with a presentation of the languages of the family (from English and the other Germanic languages, the Celtic and Slavic languages, Latin, Greek and Sanskrit through Armenian and Albanian) and a discussion of the culture and origin of the Indo-Europeans, the speakers of the Indo-European proto-language.The reader is introduced into the nature of language change and the methods of reconstruction of older language stages, with many examples (from the Indo-European languages). A full description is given of the sound changes, which makes it possible to follow the origin of the different Indo-European languages step by step. This is followed by a discussion of the development of all the morphological categories of Proto-Indo-European. The book presents the latest in scholarly insights, like the laryngeal and glottalic theory, the accentuation, the ablaut patterns, and these are systematically integrated into the treatment. The text of this second edition has been corrected and updated by Michiel de Vaan. Sixty-six new exercises enable the student to practice the reconstruction of PIE phonology and morphology.
