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A Comparative Analysis Of Taxes And Co2 Emissions From Passenger Cars In The Nordic Countries
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Book Synopsis A Comparative Analysis of Taxes and CO2 Emissions from Passenger Cars in the Nordic Countries by : Henrik Duer
Download or read book A Comparative Analysis of Taxes and CO2 Emissions from Passenger Cars in the Nordic Countries written by Henrik Duer and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report discusses how economic instruments can be used to reduce CO2 emissions from passenger cars in the Nordic countries. The analysis indicate that The registration tax and the annual circulation tax can contribute to a reduction in the average CO2 emission from new cars. Company car schemes in the Nordic countries provide incentives for larger cars and increased driving because of subsidies, and this has long term effect as a large share of new cars are registered as company cars but are used as private cars most of their lives. CO2 differentiated taxes can provide incentives to consumers to purchase CO2 efficient cars. Targeted broader packages which besides providing tax incentives also offer advantages to more environmentally friendly cars can be more effective than general tax increases. Transparency of targets and instruments is crucial for a large diffusion of CO2 efficient cars. The report has been commissioned by the Working Group on Environment and Economics under the Nordic Council of Ministers. The study was carried out by COWI.
Book Synopsis A Comparative Analysis of Taxes and CO2 Emissions from Passenger Cars in the Nordic Countries by : Henrik Duer
Download or read book A Comparative Analysis of Taxes and CO2 Emissions from Passenger Cars in the Nordic Countries written by Henrik Duer and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2011-05-31 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report discusses how economic instruments can be used to reduce CO2 emissions from passenger cars in the Nordic countries. The analysis indicate that: the registration tax and the annual circulation tax can contribute to a reduction in the average CO2 emission from new cars; company car schemes in the Nordic countries provide incentives for larger cars and increased driving because of subsidies, and this has long term effect as a large share of new cars are registered as company cars but are used as private cars most of their lives; CO2 differentiated taxes can provide incentives to consumers to purchase CO2 efficient cars; targeted broader packages which besides providing tax incentives also offer advantages to more environmentally friendly cars can be more effective than general tax increases; transparency of targets and instruments is crucial for a large diffusion of CO2 efficient cars.
Download or read book TemaNord written by Henrik Duer and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental policy analysis by : Næss-Schmidt, Helge Sigurd
Download or read book Environmental policy analysis written by Næss-Schmidt, Helge Sigurd and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2015-10-23 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses how policymakers should deal with economic distortions on the cost-side of cost-benefit analysis in the area of environmental policies, and assesses the existing Nordic guideline recommendations. The two types of economic distortions are distortions to product markets, which are almost by definition tied to environmental policy interventions, and distortions to labour supply decisions. Drawing on best practices from the literature, we formulate a number of key principles useful for assessing the impact on labour supply decisions and welfare on product markets from policy interventions. Four analytical examples are included to illustrate the importance of these principles for the correct quantification of distortionary impacts, especially the importance of taking into account pre-existing policy induced distortions.
Book Synopsis Environmental impacts and potential of the sharing economy by : John Magne Skjelvik
Download or read book Environmental impacts and potential of the sharing economy written by John Magne Skjelvik and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The various sharing initiatives seen in the Nordic countries over the last years within transportation, housing/accommodation, sharing/renting of smaller capital goods and personal services could yield considerable benefits for consumers due to better quality and/or lower prices of the services. They also have a potential for emissions reductions of CO2 and local pollutants. However, savings from lower prices could lead to increased emissions from increased demand of the services (particularly transport) and increased spending on other goods and services. Depending on how consumers spend their savings, these changes could partly, wholly or more than offset the initial emission reductions. The impacts on overall CO2 emissions depend on whether the emissions are taxed, part of the emissions trading system EU ETS or not regulated at all.
Book Synopsis Mobility as a Service and Greener Transportation Systems in a Nordic context by : Anna Laine
Download or read book Mobility as a Service and Greener Transportation Systems in a Nordic context written by Anna Laine and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2018-12-04 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transport sector is a major source of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. This study estimates the potential of digitalized mobility solutions, such as Mobility as a Service (MaaS), to reduce emissions and vehicle kilometers travelled in the Nordic countries. Also, to assess the potential future impact of MaaS, modelling is done to project road transport’s energy consumption, CO2 emissions and total costs in the Nordic countries up to 2050. There are still several barriers to the wider adoption of shared mobility services. We present ways to overcome these barriers with incentives and policy instruments to substitute car ownership, and specify what different actors can do to accelerate this change. Finally we present policy recommendations on how to reduce the dependence on car ownership, reduce the vehicle kilometers driven, and stimulate the demand for greener mobility services.
Book Synopsis Nordic Action on Climate Change by : Timothy Bird
Download or read book Nordic Action on Climate Change written by Timothy Bird and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2017-10-10 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This booklet presents actions taken by the Nordic countries to speed the transition to a sustainable low-carbon society. It shows how sustainable development is possible, with strong climate policies contributing to economic growth and job creation as well as environmental improvements. The Nordic countries successfully demonstrate how ambitious climate change mitigation targets and policies can be combined with high levels of human development.
Book Synopsis Climate Change and Tourism by : World Tourism Organization
Download or read book Climate Change and Tourism written by World Tourism Organization and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2008 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication contains the key proceedings and technical report of the Second International Conference on Climate Change and Tourism, held in Davos, Switzerland, 1-3 October 2007. The Davos Declaration and the summary of the conference debates demonstrate a clear commitment of the tourism sector to address climate change issues, and provide concrete recommendations for actions. The extensive technical report included in this publication was commissioned to an international team of experts by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). It provides a synthesis of the state of knowledge about current and future likely impacts of climate change on tourism destinations around the world, possible implications for tourist demand, current levels and trends in GHG emissions from the tourism sector, and an overview of policy and management responses adopted by the key stakeholder groups (international organizations, public administrations, the tourism industry) with respect to adaptation to and mitigation of climate change. This publication is principally aimed at the tourism industry and government organizations at the different levels, who will have the primary responsibility of developing mitigation and adaptation strategies to respond to the challenges that global climate change will bring to the tourism sector. It also constitutes an important tool for international agencies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and financial institutions.
Book Synopsis Grid Integration of Electric Vehicles in Open Electricity Markets by : Qiuwei Wu
Download or read book Grid Integration of Electric Vehicles in Open Electricity Markets written by Qiuwei Wu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the policy drivers, benefits and challenges for grid integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the open electricity market environment, this book provides a comprehensive overview of existing electricity markets and demonstrates how EVs are integrated into these different markets and power systems. Unlike other texts, this book analyses EV integration in parallel with electricity market design, showing the interaction between EVs and differing electricity markets. Future regulating power market and distribution system operator (DSO) market design is covered, with up-to-date case studies and examples to help readers carry out similar projects across the world. With in-depth analysis, this book describes: the impact of EV charging and discharging on transmission and distribution networks market-driven EV congestion management techniques, for example the day-ahead tariff based congestion management scenario within electric distribution networks optimal EV charging management with the fleet operator concept and smart charging management EV battery technology, modelling and tests the use of EVs for balancing power fluctuations from renewable energy sources, looking at power system operation support, including frequency reserve, power regulation and voltage support An accessible technical book for power engineers and grid/distributed systems operators, this also serves as a reference text for researchers in the area of EVs and power systems. It provides distribution companies with the knowledge they need when facing the challenges introduced by large scale EV deployment, and demonstrates how transmission system operators (TSOs) can develop the existing system service market in order to fully utilize the potential of EV flexibility. With thorough coverage of the technologies for EV integration, this volume is informative for research professors and graduate students in power systems; it will also appeal to EV manufacturers, regulators, EV market professionals, energy providers and traders, mobility providers, EV charging station companies, and policy makers.
Book Synopsis Explaining Road Transport Emissions by :
Download or read book Explaining Road Transport Emissions written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fuel Taxes and the Poor by : Thomas Sterner
Download or read book Fuel Taxes and the Poor written by Thomas Sterner and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel Taxes and the Poor challenges the conventional wisdom that gasoline taxation, an important and much-debated instrument of climate policy, has a disproportionately detrimental effect on poor people. Increased fuel taxes carry the potential to mitigate carbon emissions, reduce congestion, and improve local urban environment. As such, higher gasoline taxes could prove to be a fundamental part of any climate action plan. However, they have been resisted by powerful lobbies that have persuaded people that increased fuel taxation would be regressive. Reporting on examples of over two dozen countries, this book sets out to empirically investigate this claim. The authors conclude that while there may be some slight regressivity in some high-income countries, as a general rule, fuel taxation is a progressive policy particularly in low income countries. Rich countries can correct for regressivity by cutting back on other taxes that adversely affect poor people, or by spending more money on services for the poor. Meanwhile, in low-income countries, poor people spend a very small share of their money on fuel for transport. Some costs from fuel taxes may be passed on to poor people through more expensive public transportation and food transport. Nevertheless, in general the authors find that gasoline taxes become more progressive as the income of the country in question decreases. This book provides strong arguments for the proponents of environmental taxation. It has immediate policy implications at the intersection of multiple subject areas, including transportation, environmental regulation, development studies, and climate change. Published with Environment for Development initiative.
Book Synopsis The Distributional Implications of the Impact of Fuel Price Increases on Inflation by : Mr. Kangni R Kpodar
Download or read book The Distributional Implications of the Impact of Fuel Price Increases on Inflation written by Mr. Kangni R Kpodar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-11-12 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the response of consumer price inflation to changes in domestic fuel prices, looking at the different categories of the overall consumer price index (CPI). We then combine household survey data with the CPI components to construct a CPI index for the poorest and richest income quintiles with the view to assess the distributional impact of the pass-through. To undertake this analysis, the paper provides an update to the Global Monthly Retail Fuel Price Database, expanding the product coverage to premium and regular fuels, the time dimension to December 2020, and the sample to 190 countries. Three key findings stand out. First, the response of inflation to gasoline price shocks is smaller, but more persistent and broad-based in developing economies than in advanced economies. Second, we show that past studies using crude oil prices instead of retail fuel prices to estimate the pass-through to inflation significantly underestimate it. Third, while the purchasing power of all households declines as fuel prices increase, the distributional impact is progressive. But the progressivity phases out within 6 months after the shock in advanced economies, whereas it persists beyond a year in developing countries.
Book Synopsis Strategies to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Road Transport Analytical Methods by : OECD
Download or read book Strategies to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Road Transport Analytical Methods written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2002-07-03 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report, which has been prepared by an OECD Working Group, uses a number of illustrative and pragmatic cases to provide important insights into reducing greenhouse gas emissions from road transport.
Book Synopsis Tourism and Social Marketing by : C. Michael Hall
Download or read book Tourism and Social Marketing written by C. Michael Hall and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-24 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social Marketing is the utilisation of marketing principles and methods to encourage individual and organisational behaviour change for the public good. Traditionally the domain of government it is increasingly also utilised by non-government and non-profit organisations and other institutions of civil society as a non-regulatory means to achieve policy and public good goals. At a time when concerns over tourism's contribution to undesirable environmental, economic and social change is greater than ever, social marketing strategies are important for encouraging more appropriate and desirable behaviours by tourists and the tourism industry. Tourism and Social Marketing is the first book to comprehensively detail the relevance of social marketing principles and practice to tourism, destination management and marketing. By considering this relationship and application of social marketing approaches to key issues facing contemporary tourism development, such as the environment, this book provides significant insights into how the behaviours of visitors and businesses may be changed so as to develop more sustainable forms of tourism and improve the quality of life of destination communities. It further provides a powerful impetus to the development of tourism related forms of sustainable consumption and the promotion of ethical tourism and marketing. This innovative book is comprehensive in scope by considering a variety of relevant fields relevant to tourism and social marketing practice including, health, non - profit organisations, governance, the politics of marketing and consumption, consumer advocacy and environmental and sustainable marketing. It integrates selected international cases studies to help tourism students engage with the broader debates in social marketing, governance and the politics of behaviour change and shows the relationship of theory to practice. Written by a leading authority in the field, topical and integrative, this book will be valuable reading for students, scholars and researchers in tourism.
Book Synopsis Environmental Tax Reform (ETR) by : Paul Ekins
Download or read book Environmental Tax Reform (ETR) written by Paul Ekins and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive analysis of an environmental tax reform where people are taxed on pollution and the use of natural resources instead of on their income, this book looks at the challenges involved in implementing this tax reform across Europe.
Book Synopsis The Use of Economic Instruments by : Hrafnhildur Bragadóttir
Download or read book The Use of Economic Instruments written by Hrafnhildur Bragadóttir and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2014-08-18 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Working Group on Environment and Economy of the Nordic Council of Ministers publishes regular reports on the use of economic instruments in Nordic environmental policy. This report is part of that series and has two parts. Part 1 presents an overview of the use of economic instruments in Nordic environmental policy, with a focus on policy changes over the period 2010-2013. Part 2 develops a framework for assessing the political possibilities of reforming environmentally harmful subsidies, and applies this framework to three cases relevant in the Nordic context. The report was prepared by Copenhagen Economics, GreenStream Network and Environice. The authors of the report are Hrafnhildur Bragadóttir, Carl von Utfall Danielsson, Roland Magnusson, Sampo Seppänen, Amanda Stefansdotter and David Sundén.
Book Synopsis Carbon Pricing in Japan by : Toshi H. Arimura
Download or read book Carbon Pricing in Japan written by Toshi H. Arimura and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book evaluates, from an economic perspective, various measures introduced in Japan to prevent climate change. Although various countries have implemented such policies in response to the pressing issue of climate change, the effectiveness of those programs has not been sufficiently compared. In particular, policy evaluations in the Asian region are far behind those in North America and Europe due to data limitations and political reasons. The first part of the book summarizes measures in different sectors in Japan to prevent climate change, such as emissions trading and carbon tax, and assesses their impact. The second part shows how those policies have changed the behavior of firms and households. In addition, it presents macro-economic simulations that consider the potential of renewable energy. Lastly, based on these comprehensive assessments, it compares the effectiveness of measures to prevent climate change in Japan and Western countries. Providing valuable insights, this book will appeal to both academic researchers and policymakers seeking cost-effective measures against climate change.
