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A Change Is In The Air And I
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Download or read book Firmament written by Simon Clark and published by . This book was released on 2023-01-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compelling . . . Clark's enthusiasm shines through on every page' Sunday Times 'An engaging and lively history' Financial Times __________ A thin, invisible layer of air surrounds the Earth, sustaining all known life on the planet and creating the unique climates and weather patterns that make each part of the world different. In Firmament, atmospheric scientist and science communicator Simon Clark offers a rare and accessible tour of the ins and outs of the atmosphere and how we know what we know about it. From the workings of its different layers to why carbon dioxide is special, from pioneers like Pascal to the unsung heroes working in the field to help us understand climate change, Firmament introduces us to an oft-overlooked area of science and not only lays the ground work for us to better understand the debates surrounding the climate today, but also provides a glimpse of the future that is possible with this knowledge in hand. __________
Book Synopsis Change Is in Air, Mallory by : Laurie Friedman
Download or read book Change Is in Air, Mallory written by Laurie Friedman and published by Darby Creek ™. This book was released on 2015-08-01 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everything in Mallory McDonald's life is changing! Fourth grade is over and summer is off to a shaky start. The Winstons are moving from Wish Pond Road to a bigger house across town, so Mallory's best friends, Mary Ann and Joey, won't be living next door anymore. And her friend Chloe Jennifer will be gone for the whole summer. On top of all this, Mallory's cat, Cheeseburger, suddenly gets sick! How will Mallory deal with all these changes? Will the vet help Cheeseburger get well? And will Mallory find new ways to have fun this summer?
Download or read book A Change of Air written by Anthony Hope and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 1894 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his speech at the annual banquet of the Royal Academy in 1894, among many other good things, Mr. Andrew Lang said: "The thrifty plan of giving us sermons, politics, fiction, all in one stodgy sandwich, produces no permanent literature, produces but temporary 'tracts for the times.' Fortunately we have among us many novelists-young ones, luckily-who are true to the primitive and eternal, the Fijian canons of fiction. We have Oriental romance from the author of 'Plain Tales from the Hills.' We have the humor and tenderness-certainly not Fijian, I admit-which produces that masterpiece 'A Window in Thrums'; we have the adventurous fancy that gives us 'A Gentleman of France, ' 'The Master of Ballantrae, ' 'Micah Clarke, ' 'The Raiders, ' 'The Prisoner of Zenda.'" The last of these books was by Anthony Hope Hawkins, whom Mr. Lang thus classed among potential immortals. This romance has made him within the last three months fairly famous. Walter Besant, too, has stamped it with his high approval, and the English and American press have been unusually unanimous in their praise.
Book Synopsis Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges by : Pavel Cudlín
Download or read book Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by Pavel Cudlín and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forests provide many supporting, regulating and cultural services. Extensive environmental changes have resulted in a substantial loss or degradation of forest ecosystem services (ES). Unclear interactions of climate-change phenomena make it difficult to estimate forest ES. Research on interactive effects of climate change and air pollution has become a central issue in forest science during the past decade. Climate change in interaction with air pollution brings novel combinations of severity and timing of multiple stresses, which may significantly affect many forest ES. The aims of the present chapter are to identify basic concepts of evaluating ES with a focus on forest ES, to provide physiological and ecological bases for their evaluation, and to discuss the interactive effects of climate change and air pollution on forest ES based on selected tree physiological functions. Climate regulation mediated by deforestation-induced changes in the hydrological cycle is discussed. Adaptive governance and communication to the public promotes sustainable forest–multi-stakeholder collaboration. A case study is presented evaluating selected ES in a forest–agricultural landscape in the Czech Republic on the basis of monitored energy, water and material flows estimation. From this study, it is apparent that future research must include multi-factorial anthropogenic and natural interactions of climatic changes and air pollution in conjunction with sustainable forest ES provisions. Sustainable forest management is an essential tool for reducing the vulnerability of forests to environmental change.
Book Synopsis Interaction Between Climate Change, Air Pollution and Related Impacts by :
Download or read book Interaction Between Climate Change, Air Pollution and Related Impacts written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report contains the discussions and recommendations from a workshop held in Copenhagen 28-29 August 2008, where climate scientists and air pollution scientist from the Nordic countries were gathered to discuss the interaction between climate change, air pollution and related impacts.
Book Synopsis Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges by :
Download or read book Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are significant pressures from climate change and air pollution that forests currently face. This book aims to increase understanding of the state and potential of forest ecosystems to mitigate and adapt to climate change in a polluted environment. It reconciles process-oriented research, long-term monitoring and applied modeling through comprehensive forest ecosystem research. Furthermore, it introduces "forest super sites for research for integrating soil, plant and atmospheric sciences and monitoring. It also provides mechanistic and policy-oriented modeling with scientifically sound risk indications regarding atmospheric changes and ecosystem services. - Identifies current knowledge gaps and emerging research needs - Highlights novel methodologies and integrated research concepts - Assesses ecological meaning of investigations and prioritizing research need
Book Synopsis Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges by : Elena Paoletti
Download or read book Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by Elena Paoletti and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Untangling the complex effects that different air pollution and climate change factors cause to forest ecosystems is challenging. Supersites, that is, comprehensive measurement sites where research and monitoring of the whole soil–plant–atmosphere system can be carried out, are suggested as a refinement of the current monitoring and research efforts in Europe. This chapter identifies and discusses key measurements to be carried out at such supersites, with a focus on four topical subjects: the carbon, nitrogen, ozone and water budgets. This kind of holistic approach is vital to a realistic translation of the ongoing changes in climate and air quality into research on the impacts on forest ecosystems. Such an integrated effort requires a considerable use of resources at highly instrumented measurement sites and can only be achieved by building on existing infrastructures.
Book Synopsis Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges by : Andrzej Bytnerowicz
Download or read book Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by Andrzej Bytnerowicz and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of the current status of air pollution and climate change (CC) in the United States from a perspective of their impacts on forest ecosystems is provided. Ambient ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) deposition have important and widespread ecological impacts in U.S. forests. Effects of sulphurous (S) air pollutants and other trace pollutants have significant ecological importance only at much smaller geographic scales. Complex interactive effects of air pollution and CC for selected future CC scenarios are reviewed. In addition, simulations of past, present, and future hydrologic, nutrient, and growth changes caused by interactive effects of air pollution and CC are described for two U.S. forest ecosystems. Impacts of O3, N deposition, and CC on growth and hydrology of mixed conifer forests in the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California were projected with the DayCent model. Effects of N deposition, CO2 fertilization, N deposition, and CC on northern hardwood forests at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire were simulated with the PnET-BGC model. Projected changes in these forests can influence the provision of ecosystem services such as C sequestration and water supply. The extent of these effects will vary depending on the future intensity and extent of CC, air pollutant emission levels, the distribution of air pollution, and other factors such as drought, pest outbreaks, fire, etc. Our chapter ends with research and management recommendations intended to increase our ability to cope with uncertainties related to the future interactive effects of multiple air pollutants, atmospheric deposition, CC, and other biotic and abiotic stressors.
Book Synopsis Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges by : Dieter Ernst
Download or read book Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by Dieter Ernst and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter focuses on the ozone-affected transcriptional responses of juvenile and mature trees under controlled greenhouse and free-air exposure systems. Transcriptional changes are compared to proteomic and metabolite analyses, and short-term changes (acute exposure) to long-term effects (chronic exposure). Free-air exposure systems designed to scale up molecular studies of ozone responses in mature trees at the ecosystem level are reviewed. New technologies, for example, high-throughput methods that integrate genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, contribute to a deeper insight into the physiological processes of forest trees that affect climate change. Therefore, integrated ‘omic’ analyses are important to understand tree responses to abiotic stress and/or global change at the biological system level.
Book Synopsis Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges by : Rainer Matyssek
Download or read book Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by Rainer Matyssek and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical evidence underlines enhanced ground-level O3 regimes as components of global change, although interaction responses of forest trees and ecosystems have only recently been addressed by research. One case study is the tree-level Kranzberg Forest Experiment, having been resumed for envisioning “next-generation” ecosystem-level O3 research. Quantifying enhanced O3 impact is highlighted as part of a multi-factorial, abiotic–biotic interaction network of experiments and monitoring sites, which challenge the required quantitative predictability of the plasticity, and hence, extent and risk in system response, given the significance of forests as global determinants of carbon storage and sequestration. Here, we outline such integrated research concepts, cross-linking experimentation, monitoring and modelling to scale up O3 responses from internal tree processes towards zonobiomic spatio-temporal scales. The availability of conceptual and methodological means as pre-requisites is emphasized. The relevance of respective research for providing spin-offs within socio-economic contexts related to biogenic energy production and CO2 emission trading is examined.
Book Synopsis Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges by : Takayoshi Koike
Download or read book Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by Takayoshi Koike and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution, especially ozone, in East and Southeast Asia is considered to be more serious than in Europe and North America. An increase in ozone concentration may lead to adverse effects on forest trees in East and Southeast Asia where we have high species richness. Although some information on the effects of ozone on plantation tree species in East Asia is available, the situation of most countries in Southeast Asia is not clarified. In Japan, advanced methodologies such as the stomatal flux-based approach, use of a free-air ozone fumigation system and stand level studies have started recently. To maintain ecosystem services of forests such as carbon sink and conservation of biodiversity, there is a need to develop our understanding of the effect of ozone on vegetation in East and Southeast Asia. To this end, international cooperative research is important.
Book Synopsis Climate Change and Air Quality by : Linda Crotta Brennan
Download or read book Climate Change and Air Quality written by Linda Crotta Brennan and published by Lerner Publications (Tm). This book was released on 2019 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Learn about how climate change affects the quality of the air we breathe"--
Book Synopsis Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges by : Alessandra R. Kozovits
Download or read book Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by Alessandra R. Kozovits and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over recent decades, climate changes, especially revealed through alteration in rainfall patterns, with apparent intensification of the dry season, have been documented throughout Latin America. At the same time, this region of the globe has displayed strong economic growth along with profound changes in land use and emission of air pollutants. Long-term studies have shown that functional groups of plants from tropical and sub-tropical rainforests and savannas, the largest and most diverse biomes in the region, present different sensitivities to climate change, increasing CO2 and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen, for example, resulting in evident changes in community structure and dynamics. In general, these factors have led to a reduction in plant diversity. Ozone, though less studied in the region, has been monitored in the major urban centres, and its relation to land use change, as through biomass burning, has become evident. The main results of plant responses to pollutants and climate change are presented.
Book Synopsis Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges by : Werner Eugster
Download or read book Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by Werner Eugster and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forests take up gaseous, liquid and particulate substances that are present in the air. Although considered nutrients on the one hand, nitrogen inputs exceeding the critical load that can be absorbed by an ecosystem act as pollutants. This chapter outlines the effects of N deposition to forest ecosystems and discusses recent progress that has been made to more accurately quantify dry deposition, which at many a forest location in Europe is larger than wet and occult deposition. To quantify the effects of N deposition on tree growth, a good measure for net ecosystem production (NEP) is needed. Eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements are one established way to quantify NEP. While EC flux measurements are costly and remain restricted in their application to a few suitable locations, dendrometer measurements with high temporal resolution show a similar seasonal and annual signal to NEP. Such measurements are becoming increasingly important to quantify ecosystem biomass accumulation, which can be related to N deposition rates. The policy relevance of such activities emerges from the UNECE's Gothenburg protocol to abate acidification, eutrophication and ground-level ozone, but also the quantification of natural sinks under the Kyoto protocol profits from such measurements.
Book Synopsis Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges by : Stan Cieslik
Download or read book Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by Stan Cieslik and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is expected to affect the exchange of gases between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. In this review, we focus on a few related topics, including the emission of greenhouse gases from the forest floor, and vegetation fires and their impact on air quality and soil CO2 efflux. In particular, we summarise the current state of knowledge on O3 deposition in forest ecosystems, both for stomatal uptake and non-stomatal sinks. Based on such summaries, we discuss interactions between forests, atmospheric composition and climate, and finally outline directions for multi- and interdisciplinary research required for mechanistically understanding such interrelationships.
Book Synopsis Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges by : John King
Download or read book Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by John King and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Goods and services provided by forests will be needed in greater amounts in the coming decades, yet are threatened by climate change and air pollution. In this chapter, we survey the peer-reviewed literature on elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) and tropospheric O3 (eO3) interaction experiments, and discuss implications of results for policy development and social welfare. We located 58 studies reporting data on physiology, biomass production, litter quality and decomposition. Studies were abundant for young and intermediate ages, but non-existent for mature forests. Most plant parameters increased with exposure to eCO2, decreased under eO3 and were often intermediate for the eCO2×eO3 interaction, though this latter treatment was not always statistically significant. Current environmental policy could make better use of existing science, but more work, especially on mature forest ecosystems, is needed in step with process-model development to better predict forest responses and guide policy for future changes in air quality and climate.
Book Synopsis Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges by : John J. Couture
Download or read book Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by John J. Couture and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic activities are increasing concentrations of atmospheric pollutants, especially atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3, that play significant roles in the functioning of forest ecosystems. Elevated levels of CO2 and O3 alter tree metabolism, growth, and chemical composition. Shift in chemical composition may, in turn, cascade through trophic levels to influence ecosystem processes important for forest functioning. As the most abundant animals in forest ecosystems, arthropods influence multiple facets of ecosystem functioning, including herbivory, predation, and nutrient cycling. In this chapter, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of atmospheric change on tree foliar chemistry and address the responses by forest arthropods to atmospheric change at the individual, population, community, and ecosystem levels. We identify knowledge gaps and highlight future research directions that will further our understanding of the influence of atmospheric change on forest ecosystems in future environments.
